VCP Vsphere 4.0 Update 1 - Misc
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| .vmdk | Virtual disk file - describes virtual disk characteristics.
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| -flat.vmdk | preallocated virtual disk file that contains the data
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| .vswp | Swap file
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| nvram | Non-volatile RAM file (vm BIOS)
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| .vmem | VM memory
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| .vmss | VM suspend file
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| <vm_name>.vmsd | VM snapshot description file - empty if no snapshots.
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| -Snapshot.vmsn | Snapshot state file
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| vmware.log | VM log file
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| vmware-#.log | old VM log entries, 6 maintained at a time, oldest deleted.
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| <vm_name>_#.vmdk, <vm_name>_#-flat.vmdk | additional disk files.
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| Two files needed to recover a virtual machine | <vm_name>.vmdk, <vm_name>-flat.vmdk, and additional volumes.
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| VMotion - datastore compatibility requirements | Source and destination host must use shared storage (SAN or iSCSI). Shared storage may use VMFS or shared NAS.
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| VMotion - network compatibility requirements | Requires a Gigabit Ethernet network. VMs on source and destination hosts must have access to same subnets.
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| VMotion - CPU compatibility | Source and destination must have compatible sets of CPUs. VMotion will not work between Intel and AMD CPUs.
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| What are the key features of HA | - automatic detection of server failures, initializes restart- automatic detection of OS failures (monitors heartbeat information), initializes restart- smart failover of vms to servers with best available resources (with DRS)- resource checks before r
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| What are the features of FT | - seamless stateful failover - automatic creation of secondary virtual machines (happens after failover) - works with all types of shared storage - works with all OS's (with single virtual processor) - works with existing DRS and HA clusters
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| List all of the standard roles in Vsphere Server | no accessread-onlyadministratorvirtual machine power uservirtual machine userresource pool administratorvmware consolidated backup userdatastore consumernetwork consumervirtual machine administrator
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| describe scenarios for applying permissions | 1-propogate down or apply only to immediate object2-user is a member of multiple groups with permissiosn on same object - apply all3-user member of multiple groups, permissions on different objects: same permissions apply as if granted to user directly4
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| what tools can be used to optimize cpu cycles? | vmkernel - hyperthreading, load balancingvm owner - virtual smpadmin - limit, reservation, share allocation
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| what tools can be used to optimize RAM? | vmkernel - transparent page sharing, vmmemctl, vmkernel swap filesvm owner - available memoryadmin - limit, reservation, share allocation
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| what tools can be used to optimize disk bandwidth? | vm owner - vm file locationadmin - multipathing
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| what tools can be used to optimize network bandwidth? | vm owner - virtual switch with teamed nicsadmin - traffic shaping
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| What are management capabilities of a DRS cluster? | - initial placement- load balancing- power management- virtual machine affinity rules
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| What are requirements for DRS load balancing? | - hosts must be part of vmotion network- all hosts use shared vmfs volumes- vdisks accessible by source and destination hosts- volume sufficient size to store all virtual disks(DRS can still make initial placement recommendations without vmotion)
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| What are the 3 types of admission control? | - Host- Resource Pool- HA (configuration is compatible with needs)
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| Admission control restraints could disallow what? | - power on a vm- migrating to another host, cluster, or resource pool- increasing cpu or memory reservations of a vm
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| What are legitimate reasons to temporarily disable admission control? | - Purposefully violate constraints to place hosts in standby mode to test DPM- automated process would violate constraints, such as an upgrade from Update Manager- other testing or maintenance
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| What are the effects of moving a VM to a new resource pool? | - vm reservation and limit do not change- if vm shares are standard (high/medium/low), shares % adjusts to reflect shares in the new pool- custom shares are maintained (warning displayed if very large)
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| character limit for vcenter server names | 15
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| what is hostd? | ESX host agent
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| What are hostd's functions? | - reports to and executes actions from management interfaces and vcenter server agent- authenticates task requests- includes an SNMP agent- uses TCP port 443- restarted from CLI with service mgmt-vmware restart
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| What is vpxd.exe? | Vcenter Server program that runs as Windows service
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| What is vpxa? | Vcenter server agent running on host machines
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| What are the functions of vpxa? | - communicates to vcenter server and relays tasks to hostd- uses tcp port 443- restarted from CLI by service vmware-vpxa restart
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| What are functions of vpxd.exe | - directs actions on hosts- monitoring and management- runs automatically in background, uses database
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| Name other Windows services that run on vcenter server and their function | * Mount Service - invoked during vm customization* Collector Provider - guided consolidation functionality* Collector Service - guided consolidation* Converter - machine import, export, conversion* orchestrator - orchestrator development interface* Manag
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| What is vpxuser? | Vcenter server entity with root privileges on hostscreated when host added to vcenter
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| What is a vlance adapter? | emulated AMD 10mbps NIC, highly compatible
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| VMXNET adapter | no physical counterpart, optimized for a VM, requires VMware tools
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| Flexible adapter | identifies itself as a vlance adapter to allow communication, and with vmware tools installed changes it to vmxnet
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| E1000 adapter | emulated Intel Gigabit Ethernet NIC, works in most newer versions of operating systems
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| VMXNET 2 (Enhanced) NIC adapter | Based on VMXNET but provides some high-performance features like jumbo frames and hardware offloads. Only available to hosts 3.5 or later and to limited operating systems.
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| VMXNET 3 NIC adapter | Next gen paravirtualized NIC designed for performance, not related to earlier versions. Adds multiqueue support, IPv6 offloads, only available to limited set of OS's.
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| What are default installed plug-ins? | vCenter storage monitoring, vcenter hardware status, vcenter server status
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| Maximum number of days for eval license? | 60
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| Name the map views available in Vsphere client | - virtual machine resources- host resources- datastore resources- vmotion resources
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| What .net framework is required for the Vsphere client? | 3.0 SP1
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| list IP ports used by VCenter | 80 - direct ittp connections, redirected to 443389 - LDAP connections for directory services443 - default port vcenter listens for vcenter client connections636 - ssl port for vcenter linked mode902 - default vcenter port to send data to managed hosts.
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| What is the purpose of host update utility? | For remote upgrades of standalone hosts. Upgrades the service console (if present) and vmkernel. Does not upgrade vmfsdatastores or or vm OS's
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| List the components that can be upgraded with VMWare Update manager | - Upgrade, updating, and patching clustered hosts, vms, and guest operating systems. Recommended instead of host update utility on sites that have Vcenter Server.
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| List the hardware requirements for ESX 4 | - 64-bit x86 processors (all AMD Opteron, numerous Intel)- 2GB RAM- STORAGE: SCSI Adapter, Fibre Channel Adapter, or Internal RAID controller (software iSCSI not supported)
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| To upgrade to ESX 4, the /boot partition must have a minimum of how much disk space available? | 100mb
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| What are advantages of a distributed versus standard vswitch? | - simplify datacenter administration- provide support for private VLANs- enable network stats and policies to migrate with vms during a vmotion migration [such as Rx rate limiting]- provide for customization and third-party devel [vnetwork switch APIs]
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| "Optional partition that changes ""/"" partition size" | /usr
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| Where is the service console located | In a VMDK on a local VMFS store or non-shared datastore
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| Upgraded by vCenter Update Manager " | Service Console, Virtual machine Hardware, VMware Tools, VMFS Datastores"
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| updated by vCender Update Manager " | Templates, ESX/ESXi Hosts, Virtual Appliances"
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| ESX Server Home Page Tasks " | Download vCenter, Browse Objects Managed by this Host, Browse Datastores in this Host's Inventory"
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| ESX Post-Install Actions " | Configure Licensing, Verify VMs, Connect to vCenter (if applicable)"
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| ESX Service Console FS structure " | separate mount points for /var/log and swap by default, s.b. /tmp, /var/log and /home running out of space on / can cause vSphere client connectivity disruptions"
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| vSphere 4 Host Update Utility " | peform a host compatibility check, upgraded standalone ESX/ESXi hosts, upgrades VMkernel, service console"
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| Max cores for Standard licensing | 6
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| Port Groups and VLANS " | 1 VLAN per port group, Multiple port groups per VLAN"
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| Traffic Shaping in vSphere | Outbound Only - vSwitch or Standard switch port group; Inbound/Outbound - vDS dvPort or entire dvPort group
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| Notify Switches Option | Physical switch is notifed when location of virtual NIC changes
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| Reasons to Boot from SAN " | diskless hardware, easy replication of service console to remote site"
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| Items in Network Adapters section " | Wake on Lan support, Speed and Duplex settings, Observed IP ranges"
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| LUN masking config for Boot from SAN " | Boot LUN - Masked to only 1 Host, Datastore LUNS - masked to all Hosts"
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| vSphere virtual switch uplinks " | uplink - Physical NIC, uplink is not required, vSwitch cannot share same uplink"
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| Enable NetQueue on | Physical NIC and Advance Settings of Vmkernel
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| Load balancing policies for vDS " | source MAC hash, explicit failover order, originating virtual port ID"
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| N-Port ID Virtualization requirements " | not available for Storage Vmotion, Vmotion requires all mapping files on same datastore"
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| Beacon Probing | identify when an upstream link failure has occurred
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| Gateway purpose in regards to Service Console Port " | used for the default route, is required with 2 or more uplinks on same subnet"
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| Traffic Shaping is only available with VDS | TRUE
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| Lun masking for non-ESX servers should be on SAN storage device | TRUE
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| Forged Transmits | Allows a VM to transmit packets that contain a MAC address othe than the address defined for the VM
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| Powered On VMs in vCenter Max (32/64) " | 2000, 3000"
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| Registered VMs in vCenter Max (32/64) | 3000/4500
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| Pluggable Storage Architecture (PSA) " | Associates physical paths w/ logical devices, I/O queing to logical devices, I/O queueing to physical storage HBAs"
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| Adding Service Console networking to VDS " | Service Console network Adapter can be created and added to Standalone Port, or associated with an existing port group on a Network Distributed Switch, Migrated from an existing standard vSwitch"
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| Apps requiring RDM LUN to used Physical Compatibility Mode " | SAN Management Agents, P2V Clustering, SCSI-target based software"
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| Primary VLAN in a Private VLAN is considered Isolated | TRUE
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| Migrating VM from Standard to Distributed switch " | Edit Network Adapter settings of VM and select dvPort group, Select the VM using the Migrate Virtual Machine Networking option"
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| Functions of zoning in FC Switches " | Prevent non-ESX hosts from accessing VMFS data, Restrict connection on a storage array to ESX Hosts that utilize the array"
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| Which vSphere features support RDM using PCM? " | Vmotion, HA"
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| Write Process by Vmkernel to FC Storage Array " | File corresonding to the VM is located on the VMFS datastore, modified I/O request is sent to physical HBA, block requests on virtual disk are mapped to physical disk"
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| Benefits of Virtual Compatibility mode for RDMs " | Allow templated creation, Allow Cloning"
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| Hardware iSCSI initiators offload the following from the Vmkernel " | Encapsulation of I/O requests into iSCSI Protocol Data Units (PDUs), Encapsulation of iSCSI PDUs into TCP/IP packets"
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| Enable Jumbo Frames for software iSCSI intiator " | Vmkernel port, virtual switch"
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| Runtime Name for FC storage Device | The name of the first discovered path to the device in vmhba:C:T:L format
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| Connecting the iSCSI software initiator to the VMKernel Ports requies the use of this: | esxcli
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| Predictive Scheme for VMFS | Utilizes several LUNs with different storage characteristics
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| Adaptive Scheme for VMFS | utilizes a small number of Large LUNs
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| vSphere features that can use NAS/NFS " | HA, Snapshots, Storage Vmotion, VMware Consolidated Backup"
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| To grow VMFS store on ESX? | Use the MVFS Volume Grow from ESX Host
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| vCenter Maps displays what resources? " | Datastore, Host, Cluster, MV SCSI Volume, NAS Mount, SCSI Adapter, SCSI Target, Datacenter"
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| vCenter Reports displays what resources? " | Space Used, Snapshot Space, Multipathing status for VM, Number of Virtual Disks"
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| Actions via Plug-In Manager? " | Enable an installed Plug-in, View available plug-ins not installed,Disable Plug-in"
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| Sizing vCenter Database per statistics level | number of entities (hosts+VMs) x Statitic per entity variable
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| Statistics per entity variables (1/2/3/4) | 10/25/65/100
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| Space needed per 50/100 VMs at default stat levels | ~700MB/1GB
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| Services available only through vCenter " | HA, DRS, Data Recovery"
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| What pre-defined vCenter Server Role can assign permissions to users? | Administrator
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| vApp " | a logical entity comprising one or more virtual machines, which uses the industry standard Open Virtualization Format to specify and encapsulate all components of a multi-tier application as well as the operational policies and service levels associated w
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| vAPP Creation conditions " | A folder is chosen in the VM and Templates view, a DRS-enabled cluster is chosen, Host is running > ESX 3.0"
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| Update Manager Serverity Levels " | Low, Host General, Critical, General, Security"
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| Max Characters in a vApp name | 80
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| vApp IP Allocation Policy options " | DHCP, Fixed, Transient"
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| Virtualized Memory Management Unit (MMU) | Enables memory reclamation from the guest OS and is required for VM Direct Patch PCI devices
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| vApp Objects " | Resource Pools, vApps, VMs"
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| Creating a host profile " | Create from an existing ESX 4 host, Import a profile from an existing .vpf file"
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| Host Profile editor sub-profile configurations " | Advanced, Security, Memory Reservation"
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| Default upgrade baselines in UM " | VMware Tools upgrade to Match Host, VA Upgrade to Latests"
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