materials for lecture test on ch 5
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| Name the 5 components of longitudinal ridgeline. | Lumbar vertebrae, normal lumbar lordosis, psoas major muscles, inferior vena cava, aorta | Longitudinal ridge divides inferiorly to form 2 oblique ridges that mark the location of the PELVIC INLET
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| Name the unpaired VISCERAL branches of the abdominal aorta: | Celiac artery, Superior mesnteric artery, Inferior mesnteric artery | MNEMONIC: "C.S.I."
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| Where does the abdominal aorta begin? | 2.5 cm above transpyloric lines at aortic hiatus in diaphragm | abd Ao begin slightly left of midline, becomes more midline as it descends.
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| Where does abdominal aorta bifurcate? | at the level of L4 | becomes R & L common iliac arteries.
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| Where does the Celiac artery begin? | Arises from ventral surface of abdominal aorta just above transpyloric line near UPPER margin of L1 | divides into: L gastric a., Common hepatic a., Splenic a.
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| Where does the Superior mesenteric artery begin? | Arise just below transpyloric line, at hte level of the LOWER border of L1 | Supplies jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and most of transverse colon.
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| Where does the Inferior mesenteric artery begin? | Arises from ventral surface of abdominal aorta just above transpyloric line at the level of L3, marked by subcostal plane. | Near origin descends anterior to aorta, curves to the L ; supplies DISTAL portian of transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, and Rectum
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| name the 9 abdominal regions | R & L Hypochondriac, R & L Lumbar (lateral), R & L iliac (inguinal), Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric. | divided by the subcostal, transtubercular, and R&L Midclavicular planes
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| What body planes divide the abdominal quadrants | Transumbilical and Median planes | Quadrants: RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
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| Spinal cord ends at level of: | L3 at BIRTH and L2 in ADULTS | meninges, subarachnoid space, and CSF continues to S2; spinal tap performed between L3/L4-L4/L5.
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| List 3 regions of diaphragm: | Sternal portion, Costal region, Vertebral (Lumbar) region | Sternal portion arises from posterior of xiphoid; Costal region includes R & L hemidiaphragm; Vertebral region arises from upper lumbar vertebrae as a pair of muscular crura
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| Name 4 layers of anterolateral abdominal wall muscles, superficial to deep: | 1- Rectus abdominus, 2- External oblique, 3- Internal oblique, 4- Transversus abdominis | Oriented: 1- vertically, 2- inferomedially, 3- superomedially, 4- transversely
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| Name 2 pairs of posterior abdominal wall muscles: | Psoas major, Quadratus lumborum | Psoas lateral to lumbar vertebrae, quadrutus- thick muscular sheet which appears in transverse sections as lateral and posterior to Psoas
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| Name 3 major openings in diaphragm: | Caval hiatus, Esophageal hiatus, Aortic hiatus | Caval most superior & anterior, at level of T8; Esophageal 2-3 cm left of midline at the level of T10; Aortic most posterior at level of T12 (typically Aorta does not penetrate diaphragm, but passes between R&L crura slightly L of midline)
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| Name 3 paired visceral branches of abdominal aorta | Suprarenal (adrenal) arteries, Renal arteries, Gonadal arteries | Suprarenal- one on each side at level of SMA (lower border of L1); Renal arises on each side at level of upper L2; Gonadals on each side at level of lower margin of L2
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| what is the unpaired PARIETAL branch of the abdominal aorta? | Middle sacral artery | arises from POSTERIOR suface just proximal to aortic bifurcation.
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| Name the retroperitoneal structures: | S=Suprarenal glands I=IVC + branches P=Pancreas head A=Aorta + branches D=Duodenum U=Ureters C=Cisterna chyli + lymph nodes K=Kidneys | MNEMONIC: "SIP A DUCK"
S=Suprarenal glands
I=IVC + branches
P=Pancreas head
A=Aorta + branches
D=Duodenum
U=Ureters
C=Cisterna chyli + lymph nodes
K=Kidneys
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| What structures does the Superior mesenteric artery supply? | jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and most of transverse colon. |
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| What structures does the Infereior mesenteric artery supply? | DISTAL portian of transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, and Rectum |
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| What does the Celiac artery divide into? | L gastric artery, Common hepatic aretry, Splenic artery. | (blank)
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