AICP Exam Transportation Planning
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| ADT | Average Daily Traffic | ||||
| ADDT | Annual Daily Traffic | ||||
| VMT | Vehicle miles Traveled | ||||
| Principal Arterials | serve longer trips, carry the highest traffic volumes, carry a large percentage of the VMT on minimum mileage, and provide minimal land access | ||||
| Minor Arterials | interconnect the principal arterials, provide less mobility, smaller geographic areas than principal arterials | ||||
| Collectors | provide both land access and traffic circulation with residential, commercial, and industrial areas by collecting and distributing traffic to these areas | ||||
| Local Streets | provide direct access to adjacent land and to the higher classified streets | ||||
| Orgin Destination Study | a detailed survey to estimate travel demands on a traffic system. Road blocks set up and motorists within the cordon area asked questions on where they are traveling to/from. | ||||
| Peek Hour/period | the highest volume of traffic in a day - usually 4:30 - 5:30 PM | ||||
| Level of Service | the ability of a road or street to accommodate traffic flow determines the level of service provided. Free flowing or delayed flow determines a high level of service whereas, high traffic volumes, too many access points, and poor signal timing causes lo | ||||
| single-family residential | 10 Vehicle Trips per Unit | ||||
| planned unit developments | 8 Vehicle Trips per Unit | ||||
| duplexes and townhouses | 7 Vehicle Trips per Unit | ||||
| apartments & condos | 6 Vehicle Trips per Unit | ||||
| mobile homes | 5.5 Vehicle Trips per Unit | ||||
| retirement homes | 3.5 Vehicle Trips per Unit | ||||
| shopping center | Range of parking: 1:1000 to 5:1000 (spaces:Gross Leasable Area) | ||||
| office | Range of Parking: 1:2000 to 3:1000 (spaces:Gross Leasable Area) | ||||
| general office | 1:300 (spaces:gross floor area) | ||||
| office & medical center | Range of Parking: 1:10 to 3:4 (spaces:employees) | ||||
| medical center | Range of Parking: 3:4 to 9:2 (spaces:beds) | ||||
| university/college | Range of Parking: 1:10 to 1:2 (spaces:students) | ||||
| university/college | Range of Parking: 4:5 (spaces:staff persons) | ||||
| hotel | Range of Parking needed: 1:5 to 3:2 (spaces:rooms) | ||||
| restaurant | Range of Parking Needed: 5:1000 to 25:1000 (spaces:Gross Leasable Area) | ||||
| resident | Range of Parking Needed: 1:5 to 2:1 (spaces:units) | ||||
| cross tabulation model | estimates trip generation rates based on land use type, purpose, or socioeconomic characteristics. | ||||
| gravity model | provides trip estimates based on proportional attractiveness of the zone and inversely proportional to the trip length. | ||||
| trip distribution | examines where people are going. Regions are divided into traffic zones (TZA)and data is provided on # of trips between zones. | ||||
| Modal Split | deals with how people get to where they want to go. car, bike, walk,bus | ||||
| Highway Capacity Manual | provides concepts, guidelines, & procedures for computing highway capacity. | ||||
| Level of Service (LOS) | ranges from A to F based on amount of congestion. A = freeflowing and F means heavily congested with reduced speeds and increased time to get through traffic signals. | ||||
| Federal Aid Highway Act | adopted in 1944 based on President Roosevelts 1939 system of highways the Act designated 65,000 kilometers of highway as interstate highways. The Act didnot initially provide any funding. | ||||
| Public Roads Administration (PRA) | responcible for implementing the interstate highway system. It did not have funding until 1952. | ||||
| Road Design | focuses on everything from the nature of the street to actual design guidelines for local streets. | ||||
| Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) | Provied funding for highways, transit, pedestrian and bicycle facilities. TEA-21, TEA3, & SAFETEA followed | ||||
| Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) | created to meet federal requirements for urban transportation planning. Federal Aid Highway Act required urban areas w/ populations in excess of 50,000 to develop comprehensive transportation plans. | ||||
| Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) | In MPOs with population of 200,000 or greater a TIP is created that lists all projects for which federal funds are anticipated along with non-federally funded projects that are regionally significant. The plan prioritizes the projects. | ||||
| Transportation Demand Management (TDM) | General term used to describe strategies for the efficient use of transportation. (car sharing, flextime, public transit, park-n-ride, HOV lanes, & telecomuting. | ||||
| Tranit Oriented Development (TOD) | resiential and commercial developments designed to maximize access to different modes of transportation. Focus is not on car travel. | ||||
| traffic calming | involves changes in street alignment, barriers, and other physical changes to the street coridor to reduce traffic speeds and cut-through traffic. (chicane, choker, roundabouts, speed humps, speed tables, traffic circles) |
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