Female Reproductive System Disorders
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| What size are ovaries | 1.5 inches long
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| Where are ovaries located? | either side of the uterus
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| Where does the ovarian ligament present itself? | extending from the medial side of the ovary to the uterine wall
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| Where is the broad ligament located? | it is a fold of the peritoneum that covers the ovaries
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| When does oogenesis begin and end? | begins in puberty ends in menopause
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| How many ovum are produced in 28 days | normally 1
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| What controls ovum production? | hormones
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| What do the follicles of the ovary produce (hormone) | estrogen
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| What hormone does the corpus luteum produce? | progesterone
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| How long and wide is the uterus? | 3 inches long and 2 inches wide
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| What helps keep the uterus in place? | ligaments
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| Where does fertilization usually occur? | in the fallopian tubes
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| How long does it usually take for the zygote to get into the uterus | 4 to 5 days
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| What is the upper portion of the uterus called? | fundus
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| What is at the lower end of the uterus? | cervix
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| What is the large central portion of the uterus called? | the body
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| What is the outer most layer of the uterine wall called? | epimetrium
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| What is the smooth muscle layer of the uterus called? | myometrium
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| What is the lining of the uterus called | endometrium
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| What does the endometrium form during pregnancy? | the maternal side of the placenta
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| How long is the vagina? | 4 inches
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| What are the functions of the vagina? | receive sperm, serve as exit for menstrual blood flow, birth canal
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| What are the external genitalia called | labia majora and minora
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| What is the pad of fat called over the pubic bones? | mons pubis
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| The formation of milk is under what control? | hormonal
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| What 2 hormones does the menstrual cycle depend on? | FSH and LH
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| What is FSH and LH | follicle stimulating hormone and leuteinizing hormone
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| How long does the menstrual phase last? | 2 - 8 days avg 3-6 days
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| What does the ruptured follicle become in the cycle of menstruation? | corpus luteum
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| When does menopause usually occur? | 45 to 55 years of age
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| What does loss of bone matrix lead to? | osteoporosis and fractures
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| G2P2A1 means what | 2 pregnancies, 2 births, 1 abortion
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| What is a BSE? | breast self exam
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| How often should you teach a client to do a BSE? | once monthly
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| What is the purpose of a frozen section being done for biopsy? | it allows for the diagnosis during the operation so that the patient may have all removal of cancer occur during the one episodic surgery
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| What does bimanual palpation evaluate? | to palpate size, shape, of uterus and adenexa to detect any abnormalities
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| What is ectasia? | overgrowth of cells
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| What is mastitis? | breast infection with inflammation
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| When does mastitis most commonly occur? | while breast feeding
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| What are the two treatments for mastitis? | I&D and antibiotics
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| What are the risk factors associated with malignancies in the breasts? | increasing age, high fat, high alcohol intake, treatment with estrogens, early menarche, late first pregnancy , no pregnancy, history in family of breast cancer
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| What is the BRCA used for? | genetic marking for breast cancer
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| ______________ tend to be harder, less moveable, more irregularly shaped than benign ones. | Cancerous growths
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| The higher the stage the ___________ the cancer | worse, more advanced
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| How does metastasis occur? | cancerous cells are spread via blood and lymph
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| What are the 5 main treatment options for breast cancer? | radiation, chemo, hormonal therapy, modification of the biological response, surgery
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| What is tamoxifen used for? | blocks use of estrogen by cancer cells
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| What is a mammoplasty? | surgical modification of the breast
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| What is mastopexy? | removal of skin and fat with resuturing so that the breast tissues are held higher on the chest (to prevent sagging)
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| What is augmentation? | surgery to increase the size of the breast
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| What does the medical treatment of menstrual disorders generally involve? | hormone therapy
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| What can surgical treatment of menstrual disorders involve? | D&C, laser ablation, hysterectomy
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| What is dysmenorrhea? | painful menstruation
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| What is endometriosis? | functioning endometrial tissue is located outside the uterus
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| What is the the reason that HRT risk and benefit study was stopped in July 2002? | because of disturbing health risks found associated with HRT
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| What is the normal pH of the vagina? | 4.2
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| a pH of 4.2 is acidic or alkaline? | acidic
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| What conditions can predispose a pt to overgrowth of resident microbes? | poor nutrition, inconsistent BG, stress, pregnancy, pH changes
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| Frequent and persistent yeast infections may be one sign of ____________ | an HIV Infection
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| What is vaginosis? | overgrowth of resident microbes
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| What is is vaginitis? | inflammation of the vaginal area
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| What is TSS? | toxic shock syndrome
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| What is the strain of bacteria associated with TSS? | staph aureus
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| What makes TSS a life threatening condition? | the effect of the toxin on the liver, kidneys and circulatory system
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| What should be taught regarding appropriate time for tampons to be used vs. sanitary pads | tampons during the day (changed q 4 hours) and sanitary pads at night
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| What are the pelvic organs suspended by within the pelvis? | ligaments, muscles and fascia
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| What is the primary exercise used to strengthen pelvic muscles? | kegels
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| How often should kegels be perfromed? | 15 times per day
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| How would you explain the proper way to perform a kegel? | instruct to tighten muscle while urinating to stop the flow and then to recall that muscle action to perform the exercise similarly at various times other than when voiding
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| What is a cystocele? | when the bladder sags into the vaginal space
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| What causes a cystocele? | inadequate support
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| What is the symptom of a cystocele? | pelvic pressure and stress incontinence
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| What treatments help cystocele sufferers | kegels and pessary use or an anterior colporrhaphy
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| What is a rectocele? | when a portion of the rectum sags into the vagina
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| What is the cause of a rectocele? | inadequate support
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| What is the sign/symptom of a rectocele? | pelvic pressure, fecal incontinence, constipation and hemorrhoids
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| What is the treatment for rectocele? | kegels, posterior colphorraphy
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| What is uterine prolapse? | when the uterus sags into the vagina
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| What is IVF? | invitro fertilization
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| What does IVF involve? | bringing sperm and ovum together outside of the uterus and then implanting
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| How often do contraceptive implants usually need to be replaced? | every 5 years (3 years for larger women)
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| What is a depot medication? | a slow release med that is injected IM
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| How long does a depot med last | 3 months
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| What is the main advantage of the depot medication | there is nno requirement to take a med daily
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| What are the disadvantages of the depot med? | not immediately effective for 2 weeks, fertility may not return for months or up to a year after stopping the med
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| When is the estrogen ring removed? | 1 week for menses to occur
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| How long should a barrier be left in after intercourse? | several hours afterwards
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| What is an IUD? | an intrauterine device
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| What are IUDs usually made of? | plastic, copper wire
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| What is the function of an IUD | to prevent fertilization and implantation
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| What is coitus interruptus? ( it has nothing to do with Wiley Coyote) | removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation occurs
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| The high blood levels of prolactin are thought to supress what? | ovulation
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| What is a tubal ligation? | interruption of the fallopian tube
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| What are the methods for abortion? | chemical, D&C, vacuum aspiration
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| What are fibroids? | benign tumors made up of endometrial cells that are implante d on or within the walls of the uterus
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| What are polyps? | benign growths that grow inside the uterus or on the cervix teardrop shaped
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| At what age do polyps most often develop? | 40 years old
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| How are chocolate cysts formed? | when endometrial cells bleed into an enclosed space
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| What is PCOS? | polycystic ovary syndrome
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| What are the s/sx of PCOS? | infertility, obesity and menstrual disturbance
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| Women withPCOS present with masculinization because of what? | excess androgen secretion
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| What medical treatments may be used for PCOS? | blood pressure meds, lipid control meds and oral hypoglycemics, oral contraceptives
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| What is the treatment for bartholins cysts? | marsupialization
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| What is a dermoid cyst? | a germinal cell of an ovary divides into various tissue types
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| What can be found in a dermoid cyst? | skin, teeth, bones, hari and extremities in disorganized fashion
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| What are the diagnostic tests used for vulvular cancer? | pap smears, physical exams, biopsies
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| What is the best method for detecting cervical cancer? | PAP smears
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| What treatments exists for preinvasive neoplasia of the cervix? | cryotherapy, laser therapy, surgical removal
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| What is the most common type of uterine cancer? | endometrial cancer
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| What changes may indicated endometrial cancer? | abrupt changes in bleeding
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