Muscular System
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| Endomysium | delicate connective tissue sheath that encloses muscle fiber
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| Perimysium | coarser fibrous membrane that encloses many muscle fibers
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| Fascicle | a bundle of fibers
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| Epimysium | connective tissue covering that surrounds the entire muscle
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| Tendon (aponeuroses) | attaches muscles indirectly to bones, cartilage, or connective tissue coverings
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| Myofibrils | ribbon-like organelles
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| Irratibility | ability to receive & respond to stimulus
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| Contractivity | ability to shorten (forcibly)
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| Fused/complete tetanus | contraction shows no signs of relaxing
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| Unfused/incomplete tetanus | muscle twitches, rapid impulses so cells don't relax completely, successive contractions are added together, and contractions get stronger & smoother
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| Muscle fatigue | when the muscle is unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated
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| Oxygen debt | not enough oxygen available to keep up with demand of muscles
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| Isotonic contractions | same tone/tension, occurs when myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements
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| Isometric contractions | same measurement/length, occurs when the myosin myofilaments are not successful in their sliding movements
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| Muscle tone | continuously, partial contraction
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| Aerobic/endurance | result in stronger more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue
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| Resistance/isometric | results in building of muscle mass
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| Myo & mys | muscle
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| Sacro | flesh
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| Muscle fibers | all elongated muscle cells
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| skeletal muscles | cigar-shaped
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| skeletal muscles | multi-nucleate cells
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| skeletal muscles | largest muscle fiber types
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| skeletal muscles | striated muscles
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| skeletal muscles | subject to conscious control
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| smooth muscles | no striations
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| smooth muscles | involuntary movements
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| smooth muscles | propels substances along a definite tract
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| cardiac muscles | found only in the heart
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| cardiac muscles | striated
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| cardiac muscles | involuntary
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| Pectoantebrachialis | draws forelimb towards the midline
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| Pectoralis major | draws forelimb towards the midline
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| Pectoralis minor | draws forelimb towards the midline
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| Xiphihumeralis | draws forelimb towards the midline; synergistic with pectoralis minor
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| External oblique | compresses abdominal region
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| Internal oblique | compresses abdominal region
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| Transverse oblique | compresses abdominal region
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| Rectus abdominis | pulls sternum & ribs causing flexon of the trunk
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| Gracilis | (adducts) retracts leg
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| Sartorius | (adducts) rotates femur
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| Biceps femoris | abducts thigh
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| Gluteus maximus | abducts thigh
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| Gluteus medius | abducts thigh
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| Masseter | elevation of the mandible
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| Clavotrapezius | flexes forearm (forward extension of humerus)
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| Clavobrachialis | flexes forearm
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| Acrimiotrapezius | adduct & stabilize position of scapulae
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| Latissimus Dorsi | pulls forelimb dorsocaudally
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| Biceps brachii | flexes forearm & helps stabilize shoulder joint
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| Triceps brachii | extends forearm
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| Brachialis | flexes forearm (synergistic with biceps brachii)
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Created by:
SophomoreStud08