Stack #40962
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| The Endocrine System | consists of a group of glands that contain regulatory chemicals called hormones that are released directly into the blood stream by ductless glands
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| Functions of Hormones | regulation of body chemistry, digestion, and metabolism; controls and regulates growth and development; acts as a chemical messenger to other endocrine glands
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| Target Tissue | specific tissue acted on by each hormone
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| Receptor Site | located on a cell surface; area at which a hormone attaches itself
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| Negative Feedback | mechanism by which most hormones are controlled
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| -Tropin | suffix that means stimulation of another gland; thyrotropin
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| Thyrotropin | stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its thyroid hormones
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| Hormones | target tissue; receptor site; negative feedback; -tropin
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| Endocrine Glands | pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, sex glands, thymus, pineal gland
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| Pituitary Gland | anterior lobe, posterior lobe
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| Pituitary Gland | AKA hypophysis; known as the master gland; connects with the brain by a stalk called the infundibulum; has two lobes-anterior and posterior; controlled by the hypothalamus
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| Anterior Lobe | thyroid-secreting hormone, adrenocytotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (gonadotropin hormones), growth hormone, prolactin
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| Anterior Lobe | secretes certain hormones
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| Thyroid-stimulating hormone | THS; AKA thyrotropin; stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its thyroid hormones
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| Adrenocytotropic hormone | ACTH; stimulates the activities of the adrenal cortex
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| Follicle-stimulating hormone | FSH; stimulates the growth and maturation ofthe ovarian follicle in the female; in males, it stimulates the production of sperm-takes place in the testes in the seminiferous tubules; is a gonadotropin hormone
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| Luteinizing hormone | LH; causes ovulation in the female; in males it is called the ICSH and stimulates cells in the testes to produce testosterone (male hormone); is a gnadotropin hormone
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| Growth hormone | GH; AKA somatotropin, regulates growth of all body tissue
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| Prolactin | PRL; stimulates mammary gland function
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| Posterior Lobe | antidiuretic hormone; oxytocin
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| Antidiuretic hormone | ADH; stimulates water absorption in the kidney tubules; promotes reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules; decreased ADH causes more urine production, which causes an excessive loss of water called diabetes insipidus
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| Diabetes insipitus | excesive loss of water caused by an increase in water production which is caused by a decrease in ADH
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| Oxytocin | causes contractions of the uterus and milk ejection from the breast; inducin labor
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| Thyroid Gland | located in the neck; butterfly-shaped organ; isthmus; regulates metabolism; produces T-3, T-4, and calcitonin; goiter;
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| Isthmus | connecting band of tissue between the two lobes of sections of a gland (thyroid gland)
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| T-3 | thri-iodothyronine; works with thyroxin (T-4) to increase the rate of metabolism in body cells
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| T-4 | thyroxin; works with tri-iodothyronine to increase the rate of metabolism in body cells
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| Calcitonin | active in calcium metabolism
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| Goiter | overgrowth of the thyroid gland; need iodine to produce thyroxin, not many of these now because of iodized salt; need iodine to maintain thyroid health
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| Parathyroid Glands | parathyroid hormone
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| Parathyroid Glands | 4 tiny glands imbedded in the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid hormone(PTH)
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| Top Aviators Fly Large Green Planes | Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocytotropic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Growth hormone, Prolactin
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| Parathyroid Hormone | AKA parathormone; regulates calcium by increasin calcium levels in the blood; works with calcitonin from the thyroid gland and vitamin D (sunshine vitamin)
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| Adrenal Glands | medulla, adrenal cortex hormones
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| Adrenal Glands | 2 small glands that sit on top of the kidneys; each gland has two parts; have hormone from different sections
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| Medulla | epinephrine hormone, norepinephrine
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| Medulla | inner part of the adrenal glands; secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| Epinephrine hormone | AKA adrenaline; fight-or-flight hormone; released in times of stress
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| Norepinephrine | brings the body back to normal after fight-or-flight; released in times of stess
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| Adrenal Cortex Hormones | 3 main groups: glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoid steroids, and sex hormones
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| Glucocorticoids | cortisol
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| Glucocorticoids | cortico steroids; releases during times of stress
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| Cortisol | hydrocortisone hormone; gives energy
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| Mineralocorticoid Steroid | base is minerals; hormone is aldosterone; reabsorbs sodium and secretes potassium by the kidneys; regulates sodium and potassium in the body
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| Sex Hormones | AKA androgens; very tiny amounts are released from the adrenal cortex; has very little effect on the body
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| Pancreas | islets of langerhans; glucagon
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| Pancreas | large fish-shaped organ; has specialized cells
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| Islets of Langerhans | contain Beta cells(B-cells)- produce insulin; insulin is necessary for glucose to enter cells; insulin decreases blood glucose levels, acts as key to allow glucose into cells; this decreases sugar levels
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| Glucagon | secreted by Alpha cells (A-cells), reaises blood sugar levesl
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| Without Insulin | high blood sugar
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| Without Glucagon | low blood sugar
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| Sex Glands | concerned with secondary sex characteristics
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| Sex Glands | ovaries, testes, testosterone, progesterone, estrogen
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| Hormones of the Sex Glands | testosterone, progesterone, estrogen
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| Testosterone | secreted by the testes; male hormone
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| Progesterone | femal hormone; secreted by the ovaries
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| Estrogen | female hormone; secreted by the ovaries
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| Thymosin | aids in the development of T-lymphocytes
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| Thymus | located in the chest; after puberty it starts to shrink, what's left becomes fatty tissue; essential in the immune system of young children and adolescents; secretes thymosin
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| Pineal Gland | cone-shaped structure located in the brain; secretes the hormone melatonin
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| Melatonin | produced during the dark periods of the day; regulates the sleep/wake cycles
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| Other Glands of the Skin | sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, ceruminous glands
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| Sebaceous Glands | oil glands
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| Sudoriferous Glands | sweat glands
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| Ceruminous Glands | wax
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| Local Hormones | prostaglandins
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| Prostaglandins | AKA tissue hormones; a group of local hormones made by most body tissues; play a very improtant role in communication and body processes; diffused by the tissue bt only for a short distance; have multiple functions
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| Functions of Prostaglandins | ability to constrict blood vessels; promote inflammation; cause painful contractions of the uterus; different classes of the prostaglandins; (influence respiration, blood pressue, gastrointestinal secretions, inflammation, and the reproductive system)
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Created by:
Supernurse