Middle Ages voc
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| Domesday Book | • was made in AD 1066• helped King William keep track of people and property in England• helped the ruler set up a tax system• was the first record of how many people lived in England
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| Middle Ages | • began in about AD 500• ended about AD 1500• was also called the Dark Ages• was also called the Age of Faith
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| Charlemagne | • was educated and raised a Christian• was crowned emperor by the pope in AD 800• forced those he conquered to become Christian• restored much of old Roman Empire• promoted culture and learning in his empire• kingdom fell apart after his death
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| Scandinavia | • includes modern nations of Denmark, Norway, Sweden• is where Vikings came from
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| William the Conqueror | • conquered England in 1066 • also invaded Southern Italy• began the Domesday Book
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| King John | • 1199, governed with more force than earlier kings• demanded more military service & more $, & sold royal positions to highestBidder *whose lords forced him to agree to the Magna Carta in 1215, which limited royal power
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| Magna Carta | • Latin for “Great Charter” *a set of promises that limited royal power in 1215 *King John agreed to rather than face defeat in a civil war *helped lords and other landholders*eventually helped all people *king had to obey the law
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| monks | men who *devoted their lives to religion *studied, prayed, and lived in communities called monasteries *cultivated crops and helped the poor *some became missionaries
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| nuns | women who *devoted their lives to religion *studied,prayed, and lived in communities called convents *cultivated crops and helped the poor
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| monasteries | communities *in which monks lived, studied and prayed *which were centers of religion and education
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| convents | communities *in which nus lived,studied and prayed *which were centers of religion and education
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| missionaries | people *who teach a religion to people with different beliefs *which some monks became
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| feudalism | political,social,and economic system * began in the 800s * formed to meet the people’s need for protection and justice* resembled a social structure * declined by the 1400s* lords became independent of the monarch who originally granted land to them
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| monarch | king or queen• was the supreme ruler in the feudal system• was at the top of the feudal social system• was bound to be loyal to his lords and knights
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| serfs | people • lived on the land and farmed it •were protected by the lord (owner) •were sometimes called peasants• formed the base of society in the Middle Ages •had no loyalty • could not leave land without lord’s permission
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| knights | warriors • were trained and prepared to fight on horseback •had a code of behavior called chivalry • received some land from their lords between 1100 — 1300 •were bound to be loyal to their kings and lords
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| chivalry | code of behavior •which included deep faith•which included being ready to die for the church •included giving generously to all•included using ones strength to stand against injustice
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| manor system | management system •which was common from 700s-1200s •allowed the lord, knights, serfs to be self-sufficient •a way to manage feudal lands •included manor house and village, farmland, gardens, orchards, church and mill •crop surpluses could be sold
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| three field rotation | System of farming •servants assigned 3 fields •each field had different crops grown at different times (crop rotation) •some fields lie idle to stay fertile
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| guild | group of people *group of people had a common interest *craftspeople or merchants *work together to control their field
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| lady | woman of noble birth *was not allowed to make many decisions about her life •whose actions were directed by her husband or father
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| Christine de Pisan | an uncommon woman •who was different than most medieval women •earned a living by writing •wrote poetry and books protesting the way women were represented by male authors
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| Palestine | Roman province •which is on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea •was conquered by a group of Muslim Turks •which was considered the Holy Land by Christians
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| Alexius Comnenus | Byzantine emperor *who wanted help from the pope to fight the Turks
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| Pope Urban II | pope •who issued a plea to free the Holy Land Palestine from the Turks •who launched the Crusades
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| Crusades | Holy Wars •of which there were 8 •which were meant to win back control of Palestine from the Muslims •which were led by Christians•which led to additional trade and commerce
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| Silk Road | system of roads •which ran from China across Central Asia as far west as Venice, Italy•which we know about because of Marco Polo•where ideas and goods traveled •which was dangerous to travel until the Mongols protected travelers from bandits
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| Marco Polo | Italian merchant *who was from Venice *was a world traveler and writer *who stayed in China as a guest for 17 years
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| The Plague | an epidemic *occured in Europe from 1347-1352 *killed 30% of Europe's population *an attack of bubonic plague *no one knew how it spread
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| bubonic plague | epidemic *spread by humans and fleas (which were infected by rats) *known as The Plague in mid 1300s
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| epidemic | a disease which spreads quickly
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| Genoa | a city in Italy where the first European cases of bubonic plague occured *is a seaport town
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| Chang'an | a capital city in Central Asia on the Silk Road
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| Dunhuang | a Chinese city on the edge of the Taklimakan Desert
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