Psych
Help!
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| What is the general adaptation syndrome ? | biochemical response to stress and effects on the body system
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| Who formulated the general adaptation syndrome? | Selye
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| What is a psychophysical disorder? | refers to stres related physical problems
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| What did Fromm;s theory state regarding developing illness? | that it was personality types that were prone to disorders
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| What is somatization? | term for feeling physical symptoms in the absence of disease or out of proportion to an ailment
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| What do the persons with somatization demonstrate? | no objective cause or physical dysfunction for their signs and symptoms
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| What are the criterion for diagnosis of a somatiform disorder? | no organic medical condition, disorder significantly disrupts one's level of functioning, client is unaware or unable to expres his or her emotional distress
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| What is a factitious disorder? | individuals intentionally produce signs and symptoms of illness in order to assume the sick role
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| How do persons with somatization disorders behave? | impulsive, antisocial, suicidal manners, lives with chaos, marital discord, and social problems with lifestyles complicated
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| What is a conversion disorder? | inner conflict is converted into a physical disturbance
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| How does the individual present with a conversion disorder? | they present problems related to sensory or motor functions
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| What are conversion disorders thought to be a result of? | emotional conflict
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| What can trigger a conversion disorder? | situational factors such as environmental stressors or interpersonal conflicts
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| What 5 criteria must a client meet for a dx of conversion disorder? | one sign involves voluntary motor or sensory system, s/sx worsened by presence of conflict , not intentionally produced, causes significant distress, s/sx cannot be explained by pathological condition
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| What is la belle indifference | lack of concern about the signs or symptoms of a conversion disorder
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| What is hypochondriasis? | intense fear of or preoccupation with having a serious disease or medical condtion
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| What is doctor shopping? | seeing more than one physician at the same time
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| When do hypochondriasis symptoms usually occur? | early adulthood
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| In most cases when is the condition first diagnosed? | after a major stressor
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| Who is the hypochondriac focused on? | themselves
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| What disorders often occur with hypochondriasis? | anxiety depression and compulsive personality
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| Why is hypochondriasis difficult to treat? | because they doctor shop
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| What is body dysmorphic disorder? | preoccupation with a physical difference or defect in one's body
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| What is a factitious disorder? | purposefully producing signs and symptoms of an illness for some form of gain
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| What is Munchausen's by proxy? | producing signs and symptoms fictitously in another person for their own gain
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| What is the difference between factitious disorder and malingering? | it lies with the intent of the person
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| What is malingering? | the individual produces symptoms to meet a recognizeable goal (faking it to avoid something) is an example
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| What is body image? | the collection of perceptions thoughts feelings and behaviors that relate to one's body size and appearance
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| What do positive body images lead to? | expressions of confidence and self-assurance
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| What do negative body images lead to? | problems such as shyness and social isolation
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| What disorders are linked to body image? | anxiety, depression, anorexia nervosa and bulimia, obesity
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| What is an eating disorder? | ongoing disturbance in behaviors associatetd with the ingestion of food
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| What are the most common eating disorders? | anorexia nervosa and bulimia
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| What is anorexia nervosa? | a condition in which the individual does not maintain a normal body weight because of intense fear of becoming fat
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| What % of anorexics are female? | 90-95%
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| What are the age ranges for anorexia nervosa diagnoses? | seldom before puberty rarely after 40
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| Who is at a greater risk for developing anorexia nervosa? | children from dysfunctional or abusive families
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| What personality factors appear to be associated with anorexia nervosa? | tense, alert, hyperactive, rigid, young woman who , thinks, talks and walks rapidly, ambitious, drives herself to perfection, sensitive insecure, serious conscience, neatness, self will, stubborn
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| What is the main issue with anorexia nervosa? | control
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| What does a person with anorexia nervosa's self esteem rely on? | body size and shape
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| What is the cause of mortality in anorexia nervosa? | dehydration, loss of critical muscle mass, e-lyte imbalances, suicide
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| Behaviorally what do anorexia nervosa pts have a preoccupation with? | food
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| What is bulimia? | binge eating and the use of inappropriate methods to prevent weight gain
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| What population is bulimia most often found in? | young, white , middle-class and upper-class women
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| What is binge eating? | consuming an amount of food that is definitely larger than most would eat in similar circumstances
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| How many calories may a binge eater consume in one serving? | between 5-10 thousand calories
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| How long may a binge last | 1-2 hours
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| What is purging? | attempt to rid the GI tract and body of unwanted food
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| What are the most common purging behaviors? | vomiting and the use of diuretics and laxatives
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| What is the non-purging bulimic doing? | uses other inappropriate means to prevent weight gain such as fasting or exercising excessively
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| What are the personality traits of one who is bulimic? | woman, slightly older, more outgoing, socially and sexually active and feels distress about her disorder with a normal body weight or slightly above average weight
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| What contributes to maintaining bulimic behaviors? | perfectionism
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| What is the criterion for diagnosis of bulimia? | eating binges must occur at least twice per week for at least 3 months
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| What happens physiologically when purging behaviors are frequent? | e-lyte abnormalities, cardiac or skeletal muscle wasting
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| What is obesity? | excess of body weight
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| What is the classification for one who is 20-40% above IBW? | mildly obese
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| What is the % range for the moderately obese? | 41-100% above IBW
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| What is a person classified as who is more than 100% over their IBW? | morbidly or severely obese
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| What is obesity the result of? | too many calories consumed or not enough calories burned
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| What are some causes of obesity? | neurochemical mechanisms, heredity,
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| What is compulsive eating? | eating to relieve the emotional distresses of life
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| When are the first signs of obesity seen? | early in life
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| At what % should children be looked at as a risk for obesity? | when they are 20% above IBW
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| What is the identified cycle of coping with obesity? | "I'm not attractive, so I'll eat because it makes me feel better"
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| What is Pica? | persistent eating of nonfood items that lasts for more than 1 month
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| What substances are commonly eaten with Pica | clay, laundry starch, insects, leaves and pebbles
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| What is the cause of Pica? | it can be traced to lack of elements in diet
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| What is the treatment for Pica? | to treat the underlying cause - physical or deficiency and then the establishment of more healthful eating habits
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| What is rumination disorder? | regurgitation and rechewing of food
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| What are the 3 immediate treatment goals for eating disorders? | 1. stabilize existing medical problems 2. reestablish normal nutrition and eating habits 3. resolve the psychological emotional issues
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| What is TPN? | IV nutrition
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| What do the goals of mental health care for eating disorders focus on? | improving self esteem and developing more effective coping skills
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| What is the sleep requirement of an infant? | 16 hours
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| What is the sleep requirement for an adult? | 8 hours
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| What are the 2 phases of sleep? | NREM and REM
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| How many stages are there in NREM? | 4
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| What is a sleep disorder? | condition or problem that repeatedly disrupts an individual's pattern of sleep
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| What is a polysomnogram? | measures brain wave activity during sleep and monitors eye movement
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| What is a dysomnia? | abnormality in the amount quality or timing of sleep
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| What is insomnia? | disorder of falling asleep or maitaining a sound sleep
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| What is chronic insomnia? | interrupted sleep continues and becomes a condition that persists long after the problem that caused the initial difficulty has been solved
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| What is primary hypersomnia? | excessive sleepiness that usually beings between 15 and 30 years of age and progresses over months
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| What is narcolepsy? | repeated attacks of sleep
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| What is cataplexy? | suden episodes of muscle weakness and loss of muslce tone that lasts for seconds or minutes
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| What brings on a cataplexic episode? | intense emotion
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| What is a parasomnia? | abnormal behavior or physical events during sleep
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| What is the most important feature of nightmare disorder? | repeated frightening dreams that lead to abrupt awakening (accompanied by fight or flight responses)
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| What does NSRED stand for? | nocturnal sleep related eating disorder
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| What is NSRED characterized by? | rapid and uncontrolled ingestion fo food during partial or full awakening from sleep with variable recall of the episode
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| What is the first step in treatment of a sleeping disorder? | teach prevention
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| What is the definition of self concept? | attitudes notions beliefs and convictions that make up a person's self knowledge
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| What is self esteem? | an individual's judgment of his or her own worth
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| What is self-ideal? | personal standards of how one should behave
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| What is personal identity? | awareness of onesself as an idividual
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| What is an infants self concept? | they are not separate form the rest of the world
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| Infants learn to trust others when what happens? | when their needs are consistenly met
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| How do toddlers become more independent? | by exploring their environment and testing their capabilities
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| How do toddlers develop autonomy? | they experiment with a variety of behaviors
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| What happens to self concept in early teen years | their concept that was comfortable in childhood is challenged
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| If as an adult their concept is low or negative how do they then view themselves? | as inadequate or unable
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| Self concept is ___________in childhood, ___________in adolescence,__________in adulthood and ______________ in older adulthood | established, developed, strengthened, refined
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| What is ageism? | stereotyping of older persons as feeble, dependent, and nonproductive
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| What is dissociation? | attempt to cope with deep seated emotional anxiety or distress
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| What is identity diffusion? | failure to bring various childhood identifications into an effective adult personality
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| What do individuals tend to do when they have an identity diffusion? | tend to drift through life, unable to set a course, unable to build a picture of themselves
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| What is a dissociative disorder? | disturbance in the normally interacting functions of consiousness , identity, memory and perception
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| What is a fugue? | inability to remember important personal events or travels
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| What is a dissociative identity? | when parts of the self assume separate personalities
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| What is depersonalization? | response to severe anxiety associated with blocking of awareness and fading of reality
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| What is amnesia? | loss of memory
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| What is trance? | state of resembling sleep in which the consciousness remains but voluntary movement is lost
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| What is DID? | dissociative identity disorder
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| What is another name for DID? | MPD or multiple personality disorder
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| What is the personal history of a person with DID? | one with time losses, unexplained posessions or changes in relationships, out of body experiences, history of abuse or trauma (not always)
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| What is the name for the medication to treat amnesia? | HAH! there is none!!
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| Who is the princess? | Mrs. Q (just checking)
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| What is aggression? | forceful attitude or action that is expressed physically, symbolically, or verbally
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| What is passive aggression? | expressions of anger through subtle, evasive or manipulative behaviors
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| What is acting out? | use of inappropriate detrimental or destructive behaviors
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| What is assertiveness? | ability to directly express ones feelings or needs in a way that respects the rights of others yet retains one's dignity
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| What is gender aggression? | aggressive acts towards women centered around concepts of virginity and fidelity
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| When do expressions of anger begin? | in infancy
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| When do expressions of anger end? | death
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| How do infant express anger? | rage reactions loud crying, screaming profuse perspiration flailing arms and legs
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| How do toddlers express anger? | temper tantrums focusing on the person or thing that they believe is responsible for their anger
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| Where do preschoolers direct their anger? | towards others peers or younger children
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| Between ages 22 and 45 most expressions of anger occure where? | within the family
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| What happens during the trigger stage of aggression? | a stress response occurs , coping is begun
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| What is the escalation phase of aggression? | it is where the behavioral step moves closer to total loss of control
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| What happens during the crisis phase of the cycle of assault | there is emotional or physical blowout
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| What is the recovery stage of the cycle of assault | it is the cooling down period
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| What is the last phase of the cycle of assault? | Depression stage
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| What characterizes the conduct disorder? | a pattern of behavior in chich the basic rights of others are violated
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| What are the 4 main groups of behaviors for conduct disorders? | agressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness, serious rules violations
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| When are conduct disorders usually diagnosed? | late childhood or early adolescence
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| What is the essential feature of an impulse control disorder? | failure to resist an impulse drive or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or to others
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| What is an adjustment disorder? | emotional or behavioral problems that develop in resonse to an identifiable source
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| What are the 5 subtypes of adjustment disorders? | depressed mood, anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressed mood, disturbance of conduct, disturbed emotions and conduct
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| What do level 2 interventions for anger and aggression focus on? | protecting the client and others from potential harm
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| What is agitation? | behavior that is verbally or physically abusive
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| What is abuse? | intentional misuse of someone or something that results in harm, injury, or trauma
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| What is violence? | outburst of physical force that abuses injures or harms another person or object
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| What is exploitation? | use of an individual for selfish purposes profit or gain
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| What is machismo? | compulsive masculinity
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| What is domestic violence? | abuse and battering within a family
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| What is battering? | descrbies repeated physical abuse of someone, usually a woman, child or elder
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| What percent of pregnant women are physically abused during pregnancy at least once? | 15%
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| What % of women suffered 2 or more assaults during pregnancy? | 60%
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| What effects on the pregnancy does physical abuse have on the infant? | low birth weight, pretermers
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| What is shaken baby syndrome? | vigorous shaking of an infant that leads to whiplash induced bleeding withint the brain with no external signs of injury
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| What age group is highest risk for rape? | 15-24 years old
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| What feelings post rape are experienced? | anger, frustration, loss of control, fear, shame, and guilt, need to retreat to a safe place
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| What is forensic evidence with regards to rape? | information gathered for legal purposes
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| What is the first priority of care for victims of violence? | ensure safety and security
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| What is suicide? | the act of intentionally taking ones own life
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| What are some examples of direct self destructive behaviors? | active suicide behavior - threats, gestures, attempts (the individual INTENDS to take his life)
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| What are indirect self destructive behaviors? | behaviors or actions that may result in harm to the individuals health or well being (NO actual intent to take ones life)
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| What do self injuries do? | reaffirm that the individual is still alive
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| What is the last and ultimate maladaptive self protective response? | suicide
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| 20% of all suicides occur with who? | white older men who are more than 65 years of age
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| What has a strong influence on the occurrence of suicide? | the inability to meet ones own needs
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| What is rational suicide? | when the decision for suicide was made freely and rationally with a sound mind
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| When is rational suicide usually applied? | those with HIV or those who want to choose the time of their passing
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| What is ambivelence? | state in which an individual experiences conflicting feelings, attitudes or drives
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| In suicidal persons anger is turned___________ | inward
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| Fears of being ___________ add to the dynamics of suicide | being rejected
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| Guilt can lead to __________ | suicide
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| What neurotransmitter has been associated with mood balance? | serotonin
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| What is survivor guilt? | when the survivor often thinks they could have done something to prevent the event
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| What is the key to recognizing the suicide intent in children? | changes in behavior
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| What factors come into play with adolescent suicide? | depression poor impulse control and emotional isolation
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| The incidence of suicidal behaviors in children who suffer from ____________ increases | chronic disease
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| _________ attempt suicide three times more frequently than ___________ but ___________ are more likely to succeed. | (in order) women, men, men
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| ___________ is a factor in adult suicides | loneliness
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| What is passive suicide? | the older adult refuses to eat, drink or cooperate with care
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| What are the three ways that older adults view the timing of death? | god controlled, physician and individual controlled and controlled by the individual alone
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| What is a suicidal ideation | thoughts or fantasies that are expressed but have not defnite intent
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| What is a suicidal threat? | verbal or written expressions of the intent to take one's own life
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| What is a suicidal gesture? | actions that result in little or no injury but comunicate the intent to commit suicide
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| What are parasuicidal behaviors? | unsuccessful attempts and gestures associated with the low likelihood of success
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| What are suicidal attempts? | serious self directed actions that are intended to do harm or end life
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| What is a completed suicide? | successful attempt to end one's life
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| What is the 1st priority of care of suicidal clients? | protection from harm
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| What is one of the most important THERAPEUTIC interventions (after ensuring safety)? | establish rapport with the client
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| What is a substance? | a drug of abuse, a medication, or a toxin
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| What is substance use? | ingesting of any chemical tha taffects the body ; includes legal, illegal and medicinal substances
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| What is an abused substance? | chemicals that alter the individual's perception by affecting the CNS
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| What is substance abuse? | excessive use of a substance that differs from societal norms
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| When does habituation occur? | when an individual depends on a substance to provide pleasure or relief
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| When does substance dependency occur? | when a user must take his or her usual dose of the drug to prevent the onset of withdrawal signs and symptoms
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| When is the term addiction used? | when the dependence on the substance is physical
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| What is abstinence? | when an addicted individual is not using an addictive substance
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| What safe drugs are there for pregnant women? | none
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| What are the characteristics of children who are born under the effects of cocaine? | sleeping disorders, eating problems, irritability and high pitched cries
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| What substances might a child abuse? | caffeine
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| What is the leading cause of death of 15-24 year olds? | alcohol
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| Narcotics are _________ depressants | CNS
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| Opium is classified as a ______________ | narcotic
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| What forms is opium found in? | raw or processed
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| What does pure heroin look like? | white, bitter tasting powder
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| What is the main ingredient of coffee, black tea and colas? | caffeine
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| What is caffeine classified as? | a stimulant
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| _________ is a type of processed cocaine | crack
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| __________ alters one's perception of reality | hallucinogens
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| What was PCP originally used for? | animal tranquilizers
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| Why is PCP so dangerous? | because it causes people to behave in unpredictable violent ways
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| What is cannabis? | marijuana
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| Ex, X, ecstay, ice, STP are all examples of ? | designer drugs, synthetically produced by underground chemists
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| What is one of the most effective painkillers available? | morphine
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| Hydromorphone is a derivative of? | opium
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| Ritalin is a ___________ | stimulant for ADHD
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| What drug classes are commonly abused by the elderly? | laxatives and diuretics
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| What are the most commonly inhaled substances? | alcohol solvents, gasoline, glue, paint thinner, spray paints
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| What are the stages of addiction? | early stage, middle (crucial) and chronic (late) stage
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| What is intoxication? | state of maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes resulting from exposure to certain chemicals
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| During the __________stage of addiction the intoxicating episodes increase as the body attempts to compensate | middle stage
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| During what stage of addiction is the tolerance level quite high? | late stage
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| What is methadone used for? | it treats heroin addiction
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| What is a relapse? | recurrence of the substance abusing behavior after a single period of abstinence
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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