BIO170 - Obj 16 - Skin Cancers
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| What is the etiology of basal cell carcinoma? | UV light damages DNA in the stratum basale layer of the epidermis; basal cell carcinoma is most prevalent in light-skinned people who lack melanin pigment to prevent damage from sunlight or artificial sources (tanning beds)
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| What are other initiators of basal cell carcinoma? | arsenical exposure and immunosuppression
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| What is the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma? | tumor suppressor gene (Tp53) is damaged, letting initiated cells progress to cancer
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| What are the manifestation of basal cell carcinoma? Does it metastasize? | mainfestations are small, white to pinkish lesions on the face, neck, chest, or back; lesions will ulcerate; rarely metastasizes unless allowed to grow for great lengths of time before removal
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| What is the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma? | UV light damages DNA in the outer, keratinized layers of the epidermis; most prevalent in light-skinned people or use of tanning beds
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| What are other initiators of squamous cell carcinoma? | arsenical exposure and immunosuppression
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| What is the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma? | damage to Tp53 gene -> apoptosis of cancer cells not occurring; initiated cells progress to become cancerous
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| What are the manifestation of squamous cell carcinoma? | 1) nodule with firm, undulated base on face, neck, and hands; nodule will eventually ulcerate
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| Does squamous cell carcinoma become malignant? | squamous cell carcinoma eventually invades underlying tissue and becomes malignant if not surgically removed
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| What is the etiology of malignant melanoma? | UV light damages the DNA of melanocytes, which produce melanin pigment; melanin protects the skin against UV light; melanomas can be initiated in young, light-skinned people who suffer bad sunburns; also melanoma develops as a person ages
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| What is the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma? | melanocytes individually or as a group in a nevus (mole) progress toward cancer
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| What are the manifestations of malignant melanoma? | 1) mole changes in appearance - ABCD rule; mole ulcerates, bleeds; frequently, melanoma metastasizes to many secondary sites; prognosis for LT survival is not good
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| What is the ABCD rule? | Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter > 6mm
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| How is malignant melanoma prevented? | by monitoring moles; using the ABCD rule is the best prevention of malignancy; stay out of the sun and tanning beds
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| How is malignant melanoma treated? | surgical removal before metastases occur
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