A&P2 Test 5 #10 Urinary-Tubular secretion
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| TUBULAR SECRETION involves: | adding materials that were removed from blood to the filtrate
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| Tubular secretion-2 main effects: | 1) rids body of certain materials & 2) controls Ph of blood
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| Normal Blood Ph is | 7.35 to 7.45
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| Diet varies so, constant: | adjustments must be made
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| Renal tubules (mostly DCT) secrete: | acid producing materials in the form of hydrogen & ammonium ions
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| Hydrogen ions stimulate prod.: | of carbonic acid, using carbon dioxide diffused from peritubular caps
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| Hydrogen ion-bond w/sodium &: | form a weak acid that is eliminated in the urine
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| If blood is too acidic it can be: | elevated by secretion of ammonium ions
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| Ammonia is a: | poisonous waste product
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| Ammonia is from: | DEAMINATION of amino acids
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| Ammonia is converted: | to urea by liver
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| Urea & ammonia are part of the: | glomerular filtrate and are subsequently expelled from the body
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| When ammonia forms in DC: | & collecting tubules it combines w/hydrogen to form the ammonium ion
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| Cells secrete ammonia in filtrate: | and it replaces a positive ion; usually sodium,in a salt & it is eliminated
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| Product of nephrons function is | urine
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| Volumn of urine per day | 1.5 liter
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| Urine is 95% | water
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| The yellow look of Urine is from: | presence of UROCHROME
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| Color can be affected by: | diet, ie red color from beets, or by water volumn
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| Odor of unine may | vary; ie:asparagus adds methyl mercaptan that give a unique odor.
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| Diabetics have | fruity smelling urine
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| Stale urine has the smell of ammonia due to: | ammonium carbonate formation, which is from the bacterial metabolism of urea solutes
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| Normal Urine is slightly | acidic (pH 5.0-7.8)
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| Urine rarely becomes more acidic: | than 4.5 or more alkaline than 8.0
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| Variations in pH are related to: | diet
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| High protein diets increase: | acidity
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| Vegestable diets increase | alkalinity
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| SPECIFIC GRAVITY is ratio of: | weight of a volumn of a substance, to the weight of an equal volumn of distilled water
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| Specific Gravity of urine ranges: | from 1.008 to 1.030 dep. on the amt of dissolved solute in the urine
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| Urine-only a trace of: | glucose, ketones, proteins, RBC's, WBC's, etc...
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| CASTS are tiny masses of | material that have hardened & assumed the shape of tubular lumens
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| Casts are flushed from tubules: | by filtrate build up in back of them
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| UROCHROME | a pigment by product of the metabolism of bile
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