Review for the Virginia SOL Test in World Geography
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| Dams | Built to prevent flooding of rivers and create hydroelectric power | ||||
| Flood | More water than the earth can obsorb | ||||
| Volcano | A vent through which magna erputs | ||||
| Erosion | The wearing away of the Earth's surface | ||||
| Reservoir | A place where humans collect water for future use | ||||
| Desertification | Grasslands disapper and the land becomes arid (desert) | ||||
| Windward | The side of the mountain that receives the wind and has precipitation | ||||
| Leeward | The side of the mountain opposite of the wind and has a arid or semi-arid climate | ||||
| Doldrums | Area around the equator that experiences no wind activity | ||||
| Pull Factor | A condition that attracts a person to a new country or region resulting in migration to that new location | ||||
| Portugese | The official language of Brazil | ||||
| Push Factor | A condition that forces a person to leave his or her home country and settle in a new country | ||||
| Renewable Resources | The earth's resources that can be replenished naturally | ||||
| European Union | Economic alliance founded after World War II to reduce trade barriers in Europe | ||||
| Per Capita Income | Average income per person per year | ||||
| Erie Canal | Manmade waterway that connects Lake Erie with the Hudson River | ||||
| Richmond, Virginia | The seat of Virginia's state government; fall line site | ||||
| Multinational Corporation | A company that is located throughout the world; example - Coca-Cola | ||||
| Rio Grade River | River that forms a boundary between the United States and Mexico | ||||
| Archipelago | An island chain | ||||
| Atacama Desert | Desert located on the coast of Chile | ||||
| Subsistence Farming | Farming just enough for your family | ||||
| Eurasia | Huge landmass that contains Europe and Asia | ||||
| Madrid | The capital of Spain | ||||
| Venice | City in Italy that contains many canals and is facing water pollution | ||||
| Berlin | The capital of Germany | ||||
| London | The capital of England | ||||
| Chunnel | A tunnel that goes beneath the English Channel and connects Great Britain with France | ||||
| Ural Mountains | Mountains that seperate Europe from Asia | ||||
| Aral Sea | Sea that is shrinking because of irrigation | ||||
| Aswan High Dam | Dam located on the Nile River that helps control seasonal flooding | ||||
| Landlocked Country | A country that is completely surrounded by land | ||||
| Hydroelectric Power | Energy that is created by water | ||||
| Hinduism | The main religion of India | ||||
| Rice | The major crop of Asia | ||||
| Coral Islands | Islands that were formed from the build up of coral reefs | ||||
| Maori | The indigenous people of New Zealand | ||||
| Great Barrier Reef | Huge coral reef located off the coast of Australia | ||||
| Thatched Roof Dwellings | Buildings found in the Pacific Islands | ||||
| Ghost Towns | Mining towns that have been deserted due to resource depletion | ||||
| Baghdad, Iraq | City located between the Tigres and Euphrates Rivers | ||||
| Mental Map | A map in a person's mind using objective knowledge and subjective perceptions | ||||
| Equator | 0 degrees latitude | ||||
| North Pole | 90 degrees north | ||||
| Relative Location | location in relation to other geographic features | ||||
| Absolute Location | a locations latitude and longitude | ||||
| Scale | shows measurement on a map | ||||
| Kashmir | land conflict between Pakistan and India | ||||
| Robinson Projection | general purpose map | ||||
| Distorted | all maps are distored | ||||
| Satellite Images | accurate pictures of the world | ||||
| Cartographer | a person who makes maps | ||||
| Islam | the dominant relgion of the Middle East | ||||
| Sun Belt | the southern region of the United States that is the fastest growing region of the US | ||||
| Great Plains | area of grasslands found in the central area of North America | ||||
| Rust Belt | area south of the Great Lakes | ||||
| French and English | the languages of Canda | ||||
| Arable Land | fertile soil in which crops can be grown | ||||
| Thames River | river that London, England, is located on | ||||
| Fjords | long, narrow steep-sided inlets carved out by glaciers during the last Ice Age | ||||
| Switzerland | country that has limited natural resources but has a huge banking industry | ||||
| Castles | architectural structure in Europe | ||||
| Ob River | river that flows north into the Arctic Ocean | ||||
| English | a world language | ||||
| Jerusalem | Jews, Christians, and Muslims claim this city as a heritage site | ||||
| Fossil Fuels | oil, coal, natural gas | ||||
| Cote d'Ivoire | limited natural resources so it uses its cash crops to exchange for manufactured goods | ||||
| Omaha, Nebraska and Sacramento, California | cities that grew up along the Transcontinential Railroad | ||||
| Rio de Janerio | the former capital city of Brazil before it was moved to Brasilia | ||||
| Rainforests | areas of lush vegetation located in the tropical rainforest climate zones | ||||
| Amazon Rainforest | the largest rainforest in the world | ||||
| Lincoln Memorial | architectural structure located in Washington DC | ||||
| Mosque | religious building of Muslims | ||||
| Synagogue | religious building for Jews | ||||
| Taj Mahal | famous tomb located in India | ||||
| Kurdistan | area in the Middle East that is home to the Kurds, who would like to have thier own country | ||||
| Francophone | the French speaking world | ||||
| Entrepreneur | a person who creates his or her own business | ||||
| Primary Activity | the first step in the economic cycle; deals directly with gathering or collecting natural resources | ||||
| Red Cross | international organization that cares for the sick and wounded or helps disaster victims | ||||
| Cape Town, South Africa | Important location that served as a supply station before the Suez Canal was built | ||||
| Exxon Valdez | an oil spill off the coast of Alaska in 1989 | ||||
| Continental Divide | a point at which fallen precipitation seeps into rivers that flow toward opposite sides of the continent | ||||
| Aleutian Islands | island chain off the coast of Alaska | ||||
| Hacienda | a large farm in Latin America | ||||
| Shantytowns | squatter settlements outside of a major city | ||||
| Tikal | ancient Mayan ruins | ||||
| Industrial Revolution | movement born in Europe in the 1700's | ||||
| Cotton | the main type of crop in Central Asia | ||||
| Arabs | the main ethnic group of the Middle East | ||||
| Water | the most precious resource of the Middle East | ||||
| Machu Picchu | ancient Incan city found high in the Andes Mountains | ||||
| China's Sorrow | another name for the Yellow River | ||||
| Timbuktu, Mali | city that grew up on the Trans-Saharan trade route | ||||
| Monotheistic Religion | believing in one God | ||||
| Samovars | Russian pots used to make tea | ||||
| Chalets | a-framed houses often found in Switzerland | ||||
| Smog | a haze of smoke and fog that often hangs over heavily polluted cities | ||||
| Oasis | water and vegetation located in the desert | ||||
| Ring of Fire | area in the Pacific that has many volcanoes and has the possibility of experiencing earthquakes | ||||
| Low Countries | regions of the world that are at or below sea level | ||||
| Mental Maps | A map created from one's memory. | ||||
| Temperature | How hot or cold it is at a given time | ||||
| Easterlies | Prevailing winds that blow from the east toward the west | ||||
| Earthquakes | Tectonic plates meet and pressure builds causing the earth to shake | ||||
| Acid Rain | Pollution mixed with air moisture | ||||
| Greenland | The world's largest island | ||||
| General Purpose Maps | Poltical or physical maps | ||||
| Sahara Desert | Large desert found in north Africa; it is growing because of desertification | ||||
| Monsoon | Strong winds that bring heavy rain to South and Southeast Asia in the summer | ||||
| Polders | Low-lying areas that humans reclaim from the sea; Netherlands | ||||
| Mexico City | Capital city of Mexico; suffers from major air pollution | ||||
| Sierra Madres | Mountain range located in Mexico | ||||
| Middle East | A region that is also called Southwest Asia | ||||
| Tropic of Cancer | 23 1/2 degrees north | ||||
| Yurts | Nomadic people in Mongolia live in these tent like structures | ||||
| Korean War | War that divided Korea into two parts, North Korea and South Korea. (1950-1953) | ||||
| Desert | Area that recieves between 0 and 10 inches of rain a year | ||||
| Natural Resource | Any type of resource that occurs naturally on earth (coal, trees, copper, oil) | ||||
| Eiffel Tower | Structure located in Paris, France | ||||
| Skilled Labor | Traning is required to acquire a skill; higher wages; seen in developed countries | ||||
| Secondary Activity | The second step in the economic process; manufacturing and processing | ||||
| Precipitation | Rain, Snow, Sleet, Hail | ||||
| Latitude | Imaginary lines that measure degrees north and degrees south; also called parallels | ||||
| Compass Rose | Directional indicator on a map; shows a map's orientation | ||||
| Canal | A manmade waterway that connects two bodies of water; usually created for trade or transportation | ||||
| International Date Line | The place on earth that time changes one day; 180 degress longitude | ||||
| Mercator Projection | Map projection that shows true direction; often used with ship navigation | ||||
| Thematic Map | A map of a particular theme (population, climate, resources) | ||||
| Varanasi, India | Hindus often make a pilgrimage to this site | ||||
| Tropical Wet Climate | Rainforest climate; warm year round; found at and near the equator | ||||
| Wheat Belt | Area in the Great Plains where large amounts of wheat are grown | ||||
| Comparative Advantage | The advantage of one country to more efficiently produce a good or service compared to another country | ||||
| Boundary Lines | Dark black lines on a map that divide the countries territory | ||||
| Hurricanes | A major tropical storm originating in the Atlantic Ocean | ||||
| Irrigation | Diverting water to a field for agriculture | ||||
| Climate | The weather conditions over a period of time | ||||
| Fales | Open sided, thatched roof shelters found in the Pacific | ||||
| Igloos | Homes built by the Inuits from ice | ||||
| Polar Projection | Map projection that shows either the North or South Pole; Usually used by pilots | ||||
| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | An economic alliance created in 1960 to control the production and sale of oil | ||||
| Law of the Sea | United Nations treaty in which the resources of the oceans are regulated | ||||
| Syria/Israel | Conflict dating back to 1967 when Israel took Golan Heights | ||||
| Antarctica Treaty | Created in 1959 to demilitarize Antarctica and make it a haven for scientists to study | ||||
| Nationalism | Strong feelings of pride for ones nation | ||||
| Physical Map | A map that shows mountains, rivers, lakes, etc. | ||||
| League of Arab States | A political organization created after WWII | ||||
| South Pole | Found at 90 degrees south | ||||
| Tornadoes | Violent rotating columns of wind; found mostly in the US (Tornado Alley) | ||||
| Tradewinds | Winds that blow toward the equator | ||||
| Westerlies | Winds that blow from the west toward the east | ||||
| Arctic Circle | Found at 66 1/2 degrees north | ||||
| Colorado River | Helped carve out the Grand Canyon | ||||
| Typhoons | A major tropical storm located in the Pacific Ocean | ||||
| Deforestation | When humans cut down trees | ||||
| Greenwich, England | Home of the Prime Meridian (0 degrees longitude) | ||||
| Longitude | Imaginary lines that measure degrees east and west; also known as meridians | ||||
| African Union | A political organization created in 2002 to promote economic development, human rights, and democracy in Africa | ||||
| Fertile Triangle | An area rest of the Ural Mountains; farming and industrial area | ||||
| Cattle/Sheep Stations | Commonly found in Australia | ||||
| Gauchos | Latin American cowboys | ||||
| Delta | An area where the river fans out | ||||
| Ruhr Valley | An area of coal and iron deposits in southwestern Germany | ||||
| Oral Tradition | Passing down stories by word of mouth | ||||
| Matrioskha Dolls | Nesting dolls found in Russia | ||||
| Languages in Canada | English and French | ||||
| Sydney Opera House | Architectural structure found in Sydney, Australia;designed to look like boat sails | ||||
| Po Valley | Area of coal and iron deposits in Italy | ||||
| Warsaw | Capital of Poland | ||||
| Gross Domestic Product | The amount of goods and services produced in a country in one year | ||||
| Wadis | A dry streambed that can fill up with water when there is a large amount of precipitation | ||||
| Caste System | A part of the Hindu religion; illegal in India | ||||
| Green Revolution | Following WWII, Asians began experimenting with agriculture | ||||
| Coral Islands | Ring shaped islands that formed from coral reefs and volcanoes | ||||
| Bagdad, Iraq | Located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers | ||||
| Tierra Caliente | In vertical zonation, it is the lowest elevation zone | ||||
| People's Republic of China | The correct political name for China | ||||
| Yellow River | River in China that has killed thousands in floods; also known as China's Sorrow | ||||
| Antarctic Circle | 66 1/2 degrees south | ||||
| Great Dividing Range | Mountain range located on the eastern coast of Australia | ||||
| Political Map | A map that shows national boundaries; | ||||
| Subarctic Climate | Cold winters; cool summers; permafrost; taiga | ||||
| Virginia State Capital Building | Located in Richmond, Virginia | ||||
| Mount Fuji | Mountain located in Japan | ||||
| Association of Southeast Asian Nations | Economic alliance created in 1976 to reduce trade restrictions in Southeast Asia | ||||
| China/Taiwan | Conflict since the Chinese Revolution (1949); The Nationalists fled China and went to Taiwan when the communists took over | ||||
| Aborigines | The native inhabitants of Australia | ||||
| Sudan | The site of a civil war between the Islamic government and rebels | ||||
| Peace Corps | Created in 1961 to help developing countries and promote peace | ||||
| Developing Country | Limited technology; poorly trained workers; high population; low GDP; low per capita income; few natural resources; low life expectantacy; susbsistence agriculture | ||||
| Imperialism | A country rules over another country or region; European countries over African countries in the late 1800s | ||||
| Latin America | Spainsh speaking countries | ||||
| Per Capita Income | The average income per person for one year | ||||
| Teritary Sector | Service industry | ||||
| Site | The actual location of a city | ||||
| Literacy Rate | The percentage of people that can read and write | ||||
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization | A military alliance that supports democracy | ||||
| Tierra Templada | Middle zone in vertical zonation that experiences a mild climate | ||||
| Tiaga | Russian word for coniferous forest | ||||
| Suez Canal | Manmade waterway that connects the Mediterrean Sea with the Red Sea | ||||
| Archipelago | A group of islands | ||||
| Situation | Another name for relative location | ||||
| Languages in Switzerland | Multiple languages | ||||
| Prision Colony | Australia was colonized by the English | ||||
| Tropic of Capricorn | 23 1/2 degrees south | ||||
| Fall Line | A division in the Pedimont and Coastal Plains regions of Virginia; Richmond | ||||
| New York Stock Exchange | The center of the world's financial markets; located in New York City | ||||
| Angkor Wat | Ancient building found in Cambodia | ||||
| Chinatowns | A major city may have an area where mostly Asians live | ||||
| Chernobyl | Site of a nuclear explosion in the former Soviet Union | ||||
| Managerial Skills | The ability to manage others | ||||
| United Nations | A political organization created in 1945 and is made up of over 190 countries; works for internation peace | ||||
| Commonwealth of Nations | An organization of 53 nations including the UK and some former British colonies that are now independent | ||||
| Quebec | Canadian provience that speaks French | ||||
| St. Lawrence River | Narrows at Quebec City, Quebec | ||||
| Copper | Chile has an abundance of this mineral | ||||
| Pampas/Llanos | Grassland areas found in South America | ||||
| Panama Canal | Connects the Atlantic to the Pacific | ||||
| Black Forest | Forest area located in Germany that is dying as a result of acid rain pollution | ||||
| Rome | Capital of Italy; originally built on a hill | ||||
| Mediterranean Climate | Climate region that borders the Mediterranean Sea; experiences hot, dry summers; date and olive trees | ||||
| Northern Ireland | Conflict between the Protestants and the Catholics | ||||
| Arabian Gulf | Sometimes called the Persian Gulf | ||||
| Istanbul, Turkey | Command of Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits; land bridge to Europe | ||||
| Cyprus | Conflict between the Turks and the Greeks | ||||
| Bazaars and Suqs | The outdoor markets of North Africa | ||||
| Escarpments | Huge cliffs | ||||
| Cataracts | Large waterfalls located in Africa | ||||
| Khartoum, Sudan | Site where the Blue and White Niles meet | ||||
| Burundi and Rwanda | Conflict between the Tutsis and Hutus | ||||
| Western and Eastern Ghats | Mountains found in India | ||||
| Burma | Also known as Myanmar | ||||
| Continental Islands | Islands formed by rising and folding of ancient rock on the ocean floor | ||||
| Preserves and National Parks | Most of these in Africa are found in the tropical wet and dry climate region | ||||
| Xi'an, China | Located on the Silk Road |
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