Stack #39290
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| Lymphatic System | function is t filter and phagocytosis; drains excess fluid that does not return to the blood; filters, absorbs protein and traps bacteria
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| Lymph | tissue fluid
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| Parts of the Lymphatic System | spleen, thymus, lymph nodes
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| Types of Lymphatic Vessels | superficial, deep
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| Superficial | toward the surface, just below the skin
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| Mammary Lymphatic Vessels | in the breast
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| Femoral Lymphatic Vessels | in the thigh
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| Main Networks of Nodes | axillary lymph nodes, inguinal lymph nodes
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| Axillary Lymph Nodes | found in the upper extremities including the chest and the breast
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| Inguinal Lymph Nodes | filter the lower extremities
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| Main Systems of the Lymphatic System | right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct
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| Right Lymphatic Duct | only receives lymph from the right half of the body above the diaphragm; empties the lymph into the right subclavian (veins)
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| Thoracic Duct | drains the body (except the upper right half) into the left subclavian
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| Subclavian Veins | receive lymph form the two terminal lymphatic vessels
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| Other Lymphatic Tissue | tonsils
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| Tonsils | come in pairs; palatine, pharyngeal, lingual
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| Palatine | on each side of the soft palate; tonsils that are removed for a tonsillectomy; on each side ofht etongue
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| Pharyngeal | behind the nose in the upper throat; known as the adenoids; usually removed when the palatine tonsils are removed; will decrease snoring (breathing)
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| Lingual | behind or at the back of the tongue; all tonsils come in pairs; funky looking
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| Thymus | located behind the sternum; plays a key role in development of the immune system before birth and a few months after birth
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| Thymosin | hormone of the thymus that stimulates the development of lymphocytes, specifically T lymphocytes (T cells); shrinkes after puberty and becomes connective tissue and fat
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| T-cells | very important to promote growth and activity of hte lymphocytes
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| Spleen | a lymphoid organ that filters blood; removes worn out red blood cells
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| Function of the Spleen | filtration and phagocytosis; able to cleanse our blood; destroys old red blood cells; produces RBC's befor birth; storage area for blood in case of an emergency
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| Reticuloendothelial System | contains related cells that are concerned with the destruction of worn out bloods cells, bacteria, cancer cells, and foreign substances
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| Monocytes | develop into macrophages that eat up worn out blood cells, bacteria, cancer cells and foreign substances (type of WBC)
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| Macrophages | phagocytes that develop from a monocyte (type of WBC); called Kupffer cells, AKA dust cells
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| Phagocyte | macrophage turns into phagocyte
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| Kupffer's cells | special cells found in the liver; in the sinusoids; monocytes that turn into macrophages; destroy harmful substances
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| Sinusoids | channels of blood
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| Endothelium | tissue that makes up the lymphatic capillaries
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| Hilus | indented area of an organ where vessels enter and leave; from an artery, exit via a vein
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| Reticuloendothelial System | one mechanism for disease fighting and destruction of invaders, this system is described as a non-specific defense
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| Immune System | referred to as a specific defense because it acts against particular harmful agents
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| Types of Immunity | inborn immunity, acquired immunity, naturally acquired immunity, artificially acquired immunity, artificial passive immunity,
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| Inborn Immunity | inherited
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| Types of Inborn Immunity | species immunity, population immunity, individual immunity
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| Species Immunity | affects one group-animal or man-not both
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| Population Immunity | when certain groups of people are affected by desease (nationalities, races, or cultures)
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| Individual Immunity | some people are affected and others are not; Ex: some people get cold sores- others do not
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| Acquired Immunity | develops during a lifetime as a person is exposed to disease; starts with antigens
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| Antigen | any foreign substance that enters the body to induce an immune response; stimulates activity of lymphocytes called T or B cells
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| T-cells | come from stem cells in the bone marrow; functions are to destroy foreign cells directly, release substances to stimulate helper T-cells, and suppress the immune response
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| Types of T-cells | cytotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells, suppressor T-cells, memory T-cells
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| Cytotoxic T-cells | "killer" cells; directly destroy foreign cells
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| Helper T-cells | act on specific cells and destroy them
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| Memory T-cells | remember an antigen and respond to it rapidly if that antigen is met again
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| Interleukins | function is to stimulate the growth of T-cells; released when macrophages combine with T-cells
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| B-cells | come from stem cells in the bone marrow; another type of lymphocyte; active in immunity; produce antibodies; AKA plasma cells; produce antibodies known as immunoglobulins
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| Immunoglobulins | produced in response to an antigen; antibodies are then released into the blood stream and provide humoral immunity (humoral- body fluids)
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| Gamma globulin | the fraction of the blood plasma that contains antibodies
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| Complement | a group of blood proteins that aid in the destruction of foreign cells
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| Naturally Acquired Immunity | a natural, active immunity; when a host (person) is involved in the production of antibodies; when a person has been exposed to a specific disease Ex: exposure to measles- body produces antibodies against the measles
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| Natural Passive Immunity | immunity acquired when antibodies come from an outside source Ex: mom to baby in womb; breastfeeding- in colostrum- very high in antibodies
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| Artificially Acquired Immunity | an active immunization; a vaccination; receiving an injection to prevent a disease
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| Types of Vaccines | used for active immunization; attenuated, toxoid, recombinant DNA
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| Attenuated | weakened organism is injected into a patient to stimulate antibody production to prevent disease
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| Toxoid | vaccine produced from actual toxins; altered by heat or chemicals to reduce its harmfulness Ex: tetanus
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| Recombinant DNA | antigens are extracted and purified then used for immunization Ex: Hepatitus B
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| Artificial Passive Immunity | the immunization is going to give instant protection, but it is short lived
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| Antitoxin | an immune serum that neutralizes a bacterial poison; Ex: venom from a snake
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| Example of Natural Active Immunity | host produces antibodies; acquired from contact with specific diseases
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| Example of Natural Passive Immunity | antibodies from an outside source; to the fetus from the mother
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| Example of Artificial Active Immunity | from a vaccination
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| Example of Artificial Passive Immunity | short lived
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| Attenuated | weakened
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Created by:
Supernurse