Court Cases needed to know for the Court Case Quiz
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| Gideon v. Wainwright | (1963) Ruled that a defendant in a felony trial must be provided a lawyer free of charge if the defendant cannot afford one.
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| Mapp v. Ohio | (1961) Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; Warren Court’s judicial activism.
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| Miranda v. Arizona | (1966) Ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination
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| Texas v. Johnson | (1966) Ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination
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| Engel v. Vitale | (1962) Mandatory prayer in schools is a violation of the establishment clause.
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| Gitlow v. New York | (1925) Anarchist calling for overthrow of the government. Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to States); States cannot deny freedom of speech – protected through due process clause of Amendment 14.
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| New York Times v. U.S. | (1971) Libel case-writer did it with intent to defame-knew it was false-wrote it with malicious intent. Public officials/figures have less privacy rights
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| Lemon v. Kurtzman | (1971) Government-supported programs in religious schools must have a primary secular purpose, neither aid nor inhibit religion, & not excessively entangle government, religion.
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| The Dred Scott Decision | (1857) The court ruled that slaves are property, not people. (Before 14th amendment)
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| Plessy v. Ferguson | (1896) The courts ruled in favor of segregation -- "Separate but Equal".
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| Brown v. Topeka Board of Education | (1954) Unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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| Bakke v. California | (1978) Ruled that a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school's use of "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances.
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| Roe v. Wade | (1973) Ruling that decriminalized abortion.
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| Marbury v. Madison | (1803) Established the principle of judicial review
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| McMulloch v. Maryland | (1819) The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.
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| Baker v. Carr | (1962) Legislative reapportionment issues present justiciable questions and enable federal courts to intervene in and decide reapportionment cases. The defendents unsuccessfully tried to say it was a “political question.”
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| Planned Parenthood v. Casey | (1992) Upheld the constitutional right to have an abortion but lowered the standard for analyzing restrictions of that right, invalidating one regulation but upholding the others.
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| Clinton v. New York | (1988) Unconstitutional grant of power to the president -congress passed a law granting the president authority to propose rescinding funds in appropriations bills and tax provisions that apply to only a few people
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| U.S. v. Nixon | (1974) The court rejected this president's claim to an absolutely unqualified privilege against any judicial process.
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| Swann v. Charlotte Meckenburg | (1971) Desegregation -called for busing to make races equal
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