vocabulary
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of some nerve cells
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| arachnoid memebrane | middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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| astrocyte | a type of glial (neuroglial) cell; connective, supporting cell of the nervous system. Transport water and salts from capillaries
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| autonomic nervous system | nerves that control involutary body functions of muscles, glands and internal organs
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| axon | microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
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| blood-brain barrier | blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
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| brain stem | lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. (pons and medulla)
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| cauda equina | collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
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| cell body | part of the nerve cell that contains the nucleus
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| central nervous system (CNS) | brain and spinal cord
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| cerebellum | part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
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| cerebral cortex | outer region of the cerebrum; containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain
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| cerbrospinal fluid (CFS) | fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord
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| cerebrum | lagest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory
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| dendrite | microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to recieve the nervous impulse
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| dura mater | thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protectiong the brain and spinal cord
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| ependymal cell | a cell that lines the fluid-filled sacs of the brain and spinal cord
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| ganglion | a collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
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| glial cell (neuroglia) | cells in the nervous system that do not carry impulses but are supportive and connective in function
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| gyrus | sheets of nerves cells that produce elevation in the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution
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| hypothalamus | portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland
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| medulla oblongata | the part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat and the size fo blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here
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| meninges | three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
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| microglial cell | one type of glial cell ( phagocyte)
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| motor nerves | carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organ; efferent nerves
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| myelin sheath | fatty tissue that surrounds, protects and insulates the axon of a nerve cell
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| nerve | macroscopic structure consisting of axons and dendrites in bundles like strands of rope
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| neuron | a nerve cell; carries impulses throughout the body.
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| neurotransmitter | chemical messenger, released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell or gland cell
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| oligodendroglial cell | glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons
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| parasympathetic nerves | involuntary, autonomic nerves that help regulate body functions idle heart rate and respiration
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| parenchyma | essential distingushing cells of an organ
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| peripheral nervous system | nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves
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| pia mater | thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
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| plexus | large interlacing network of nerves
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| pons | part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the brain. It is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain
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| receptor | organ that receives a nervous stimulation and passes it on to nerves within the body. the skin, ears, and taste buds are examples
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| sensory nerves | carry messages to the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerves.
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| stimulus | change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response
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| stroma | connective and supporting tissue of an organ e.g. glial cells
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| sulcus | depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex tissue
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| sympathetic nerves | autonomic nerves that influence body function involuntarily in times of stress
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| synapse | the space (juncture through which a nervous impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another or from a neuron to another cell such as a muscle or gland cell
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| thalamus | main relay center of the brain
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| ventricles of the brain | reservoirs (canals) in the interior of the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
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