Barry-MedicalGasSys
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| What is the pressure, temperature, and capacity of an OXYGEN E cylinder? | 1800-2200 psi; 20*C with capacity of 625-700 liters
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| oxygen pipeline pressure | 2000 +/- 5 psi
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| Oxygen is manufactured by? | fractional distillation of liquefied air
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| Nitrous Oxide is manufactured by? | heating ammonium nitrate (thermal decomposition)
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| Critical temperature of nitrous oxide | 36.5*C
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| What is the pressure, temperature, and capacity of a NITROUS OXIDE E cylinder? | 745 psi; 20*C with capacity of 1590 liters
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| What is the only reliable way to measure nitrous oxide in an E cylinder? | weigh it
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| By the time you see a decrease in pressure of nitrous oxide, how many liters do you have left in an E cylinder? | 400 Liters
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| Nitrous is stored in what state? | liquid
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| what is the critical temperature of air? Thus, what state does it exist in? | 140.6*C, gas state
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| What is the pressure, temperature, and capacity of an AIR E cylinder? | 1800-2200 psi; 20*C with capacity of 625-700 liters
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| Cylinders that have a marking of “3AA” are manufactured by using what metal? | Steel
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| The marking “3AL” or “3ALM” indicates that the cylinder is made from? | aluminum alloys
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| Where can you not go in with anything steel? | MRI
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| An E cylinder should have at least _______ psi or should be replaced or refilled. | 1000 psi
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| Coupling mechanism that connects end of hose with appropriate gas outlet (color coded); Made to prevent incorrect hose attachment to hospital gas pipeline | DISS (diameter index safety system)
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| E cylinders have 2 holes in cylinder valve that mate with corresponding pins in yoke in anesthesia machine | PISS (pin index safety system)
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| Oxygen Pin Index Position | 2 + 5
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| Air Pin Index Position | 1 + 5
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| Nitrous Oxide Pin Index Position | 3 + 5
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| Which patients require warmer OR rooms? | pediatrics/burn patients
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| Recommended relative humidity in OR should be? | >50%
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| If relative humidity is lower than recommended what can occur? | microshock secondary to static sparks can occur
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| If working with orthopedic prosthesis implants what must you do upon entering the OR? and why? | must enter through inner laminar flow door; must not break air seal on outer door
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| High flow ventilation in OR is useful because? | decreases contamination of surgical site
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| Who regulates purity of cylinders (how they are being filled)? | Pharmocopeia of the United States or National Formulary
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| Who regulates storage and transportation of compressed gases? | U.S. Department of Transportation
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| How often are cylinders inspected? | every 10 years
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| Who publishes standards for use of only nonflammable agents in OR? | National Fire Prevention Association
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| standard for health care facilities for pipeline gas sources and electrical supply to OR (Voluntary but enforceable by law) | NFPA 99
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| Who creates standards for manufacture and delivery of compressed gases | Compressed Gas Association
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| Legislation which requires you to notify the FDA if death or injury occurs with equipment? | Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990
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| Private organization that publishes minimum safety and performance standards for anesthesia machine | American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
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| Publishes standards for anesthesia machine and equipment (i.e. ETT may have Z-79 (or IT) marking; identifies passed tissue toxicity test) | American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
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| Committee that monitors outcomes, analyzes problems and offers solutions and also requires a safety program | Joint Council on Accreditation of Hospital Organizations (JCAHO)
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| Type of electricity that causes electrons to flow back and forth | AC (alternating current)
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| Impendence is? | sum of forces that oppose electron movement when AC is used
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| Impendence only applies to which type of current? | AC (alternating current)
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| Type of electricity that is nonoscillating; electrons only flow in one direction (i.e: battery) | DC (direct current)
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| Resistance is? | measure of its opposition to the passage of a steady electric current
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| Resistance only applies to which type of current? | DC (direct current)
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| Heart is most susceptible to how many Hertz? (Hz = # of cycles per second) | 40-150 Hz
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| How does a patient recieve an electrical shock? | Body contact with two conductive materials at different voltage potentials may complete a circuit
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| Ohm's Law | E = I x R
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| Voltage (E) is? | unit of electromotive force that propels electrons thru circuit (volts)
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| Current (I) is? | unit of electron flow (amps)
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| Resistance (R) is? | force that opposes electron flow; everything provides some resistance to electron flow (ohms)
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| Electric Power (W) is? | electromotive force (watts)
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| Equation for Joules? | Joules (watts per second) W= E x I
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| What is a conductor? | any substance that permits the flow of electrons (AC or DC)
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| What is inductance? | ability of electrons flowing in a wire or wire coil to create a magnetic field around the wire which can induce an opposing electromotive force in adjacent conductors
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| As AC frequency increases (greater electron movement), inductance & impendance __________. | increase
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| What is capacitance? | ability to store an electrical charge (defibrillator)
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| A capacitor is? | consists of two parallel conductors separated by an insulator
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| This type of electricity has no circuit loop current and does not flow unless plates are connected; this occurs only when the capacitor is discharged | DC (direct current)
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| This type of electricity has no possibility of leakage current... and why? | DC (direct current); since battery operated devices use 1/10th voltage
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| This type of electricity continually reverses itself and will permit current to flow even when a circuit is not completed. This property results in presence of leakage current from? | AC (alternating current); "stray capacitance"
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| Leakage current is present in? | all electrical equipment as a result of capacitance coupling, induction between internal electrical components or defective insulation
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| What is macroshock, and when does it occur? | when electricity enters and exists thru skin (lightening bolt); gross amount of current applied to dry intact skin that can cause harm or death
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| Macroschock is first sensed at? | 1 milliamp (mamp- mA)
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| Pain sensed with microshock at? | > 5 mA
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| Current of ________ produces “let go” condition; unable to let go of source | 10-20 mA
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| Macroschock that can induce Vfib but respiratory center remains intact? | 100-300 mA
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| Macroshock that is a threat to heart and respiratory centers? | >6000 mA
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| What is a microshock? | Current that enters thru portal into patient (pacing wires, central line, etc)
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| Vfib can be induced with how many microamps of microshock electrical current applied directly to the myocardium? | 100 microamps (0.1 mA)
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| Microshock of ______________ recommended with maximal 60 Hz leakage current for pacer wires, PA catheters, etc. | 10 microamps (0.01 mA)
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| An electrosurgical unit (ESU) does what? | provides hemostasis during surgery; Current passes from tip of cautery thru tissue and back to machine via grounding pad and wire
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| What is the current that flows through an ESU? | Usually 300-3000 KHz
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| Bipolar cautery is preferred in which patients? | patients with pacemakers
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| Most common source of thermal injury to patient | ESU (electrosurgical unit)
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| How does bipolar cautery work? | Current flows from each tip of cautery so doesn’t flow thru body
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| Where should you never place a grounding pad? | between heart and surgical area
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| What does "grounded" mean? | there is a connection between the electrical circuit and earth ground
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| What is a safety feature of OR outlets and equipment? | All outlets and equipment are grounded
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| An isolation transformer is used to? | isolate the electrical system in the OR and a safety feature to protect against macroshock
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| How does an isolation transformer work? | Uses electromagnetic induction to induce a current in a secondary ungrounded system; voltage potential between live and neutral lines but no voltage difference between two working lines and ground; if working properly, a circuit cannot be completed
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| What is a first fault? | If a short circuit develops b/t two working lines, potential develops b/t the lines and ground, creating a potential for shock
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| What is a line isolation monitor? | detects current leakage caused by first fault and sounds an alarm
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| If line alarm monitor sounds what should you do? | the fault must be found; equipment should be unplugged in reverse order that it was plugged in
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