Nervous System 5 chapter test

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The autonomic nervous system consists of the:

Visceral, sympathetic, and parasympathetic

A neuron that trasmits a nerve impulse toward the CNS is called:

afferent

The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are:

astrocyte

The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle:

efferent, or Somatic nervous system

The myelin sheat is formed by:

oigodendrocytes and schwann cells

Nissl bodies are comparable to:

ribosomes

A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is:

multipolar

A reflex arc:

if a three-nueron arc, contains afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neuron

A reflex arc:

can be a two-neuron arc, containing afferent and efferent neuron

A reflex arc

is a signal conduction route from receptors to CNS to effectors

Multipolar neurons have:

multiple dendrites and one axon

Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called:

perineurium

Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of:

cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

A synaptic knob would be located on:

terminal end of axon

Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to:

conduct impulses

When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheat from node to node, the type of impluse conduction is called:

saltitory conduction

What are the main chemical classes of neurotransmitters:

acetycholine, amine, amino acids, other small molecules

Serotonin is an example of an:

amine, monoamie

Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to:

receptor or binding site

Dendrites conduct impulses:

toward the cell body

White matter in the CNS consists of

cell bodies and myelinated fibers

Compared to the outside of the neuron, the inside has a

negative charge

Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are classified as:

Catecholamines

Astrocytes attach to:

both neurons and blood capillaries

Schwann cells have a similar function in the PN as __ in the CNS.

oligodendrocytes

The nervous system can be divided into:

CNS and PNS, afferent and efferent, or somatic and autonomic

The other term for cell body is

soma or perikaryon

The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone:

dura mater

The innermost layer of the meninges is:

pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all except:

subdural space

If the ventral nerve root of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose:

movement

IF the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose:

feeling

The brain has __ major divisions:

The brainstem includes:

medulla oblongata, midbrains, pons

The pyramids are formed in the:

medulla oblongata

The vomiting reflex is mediated by the:

medulla oblongata

The part of the brain that receives impulses from the labyrinth of the ear, and thus functions in the maintenance of equilibrium, is the:

cerebellum

Functions of the hypothalamus:

Integration of many autonomic reflexes, hormona functions, involved in arousal, appetite, thermoregulation

The part of the brain that can influence the rlease of hormones or the endocrine system is:

hypothalamus

The part of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow:

cerebrum's limbic system

The type of brain waves associated with deep sleep:

delta

A person who is awake, alert, and attentive would have a predominance of __ brain waves

Beta

A lesion in the cerebral cortex might result in:

alzheimers

The falx cerebelli separates:

cerebellum and cerebrum

The cerebrospinal fluid resides in the:

subarachnoid

The layer of the meninges that adheres to the outer surface of the brain is the:

dura mater

The white matter of the cerebellum is called:

arborvita

The body's biological clock is controlled by the:

pineal gland

The foramen magnum is the structure that divides:

the brain and spinal cord?

The central section of the cerebellum is called:

vernix

The epidural space is:

immediately outside the dura mater but inside the bony coverngs of the spinal cord; is a supporting cushion of fat and other connective tissues; in the brain, is continuous with the periostieum on the inside of the face of the cranial bones.

Parts of the spinal cord:

dorsal nerve root, ventral nerve root, spinal nerve, conus medullaris, anterior median fissure, posterior median sulcus, cauda equina, spinal tracts

Cranial nerves wih a "motor" function:

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal

The cervical plexus:

includes C1-C5, innervate neck, upper shoulders, and part of head, and diaphragm.

The sensory cranial nerves include:

olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear

The cranial nerve that arises from both the brain and spinal cord:

accessory nerve

Damage to the __ neve could make the diaphragm unable to function:

phrenic nerve

Nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvis cavity and some of the suround areas:

sacral plexus

The autonomic nervous system functions chiefly in the:

organs

Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because:

1 sympathetic preganglionic neuron synapses with many postganglionic neurons

Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in:

nuclie in brainstem or gray columns of sacral cord

Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebra:

Functions eye movement:

oculmotor, trochlear, abducens

Afferent nerves or fibers are found:

The spinal ganglion can be found on the:

dorsal root

By age 2 years in a normal infant, the stimulus that caused the Babinski reflex now causes:

toes go down

Pain that is perceived as superficial but is actually caused by underlying organ is called:

referred

Visceroceptors are located:

in organs

The somatic senses enable us to detec sesation such as

touch, temperature, pain

Chemoreceptors are most likely to be activity by:

carbon dioxide, noxious odors

The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch:

exteeroceptors, Mechanoreceptors

Free nerve endings respond to:

pain, itch, tempoerature, tickle, deflection

The olfactory tract carries impulses associatedion with

smell

There are _ openings into the middle ear.

Primary taste sensations:

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

The auditory ossicles include:

malleus, incus, stapes

Movement of hair cells I the organ of corti against the __ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse condition.

Basilar

The sense organs responsible for static equilibrium are located:

vestibule and semicircular canals of ear

The white of the eye is reffered to as the:

sclera

The function of the lacrimal apparatus is to:

secrete tears

Structure associated with hearing:

cochlear duct

A somatic sense:

touch, pain, temperature, proprioceptions

proprioceptors can be found in

skeletal muscles, joints and tendons

Pain receptors

A pain fibers for acute and fast; B pain fibers for chronic or slow

Taste buds can be found

mostly on papillae on tongue, but also on lining of mouth and soft palate

___ do not contain taste buds

Filiform papillae

Sequence of auditory ossicles:

malleus, incus, stapes

Cmpared to nervous system, the regulatory effect of the endocrine system are

slow to appear but longer-lasting

General functions of neuroendocrine system:

communication, integration, control

Endocrine gland in the neck

Thyroid

Nonsteroid hormones

oxytocin, calcitonin, glucogon

Hormones may be:

steroids, peptides, and glycoproteins

Steroids are able to pass easily through a target cell's plasma membrane because:

they are lipid-soluble

The structure ferred to as the master gland is:

pituitary

An insufficient amount of somatotropic hormone during the growth years couuld result in:

dwarfism

Growth of the ovarian follicle occurs because of

FSH

Prolactin affects:

milk secretion

The neurohypophysis serves as a storage and release site for

oxytocin

Calcitonin:

raises blood calcium levels

Parathyroid hromone increases calcium absorption in the intestinesby activating

Vitamin D

The hormone that causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts is:

prolactin

Secretion of __ is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin mechanism and blood potassium concentration.

aldosterone

The adrenal medulla secretes

epinephrine

Insulin:

lowers blood concentration of glycose, amino acids, and fatty acids; promotes metabolism of glucose by tissue cells, and is produced by beta cells

Hormones produced by the pancreatic islets affect he body's use of:

glucose

Human chorionic gonadotroin is produced by the:

placenta

Thymosin is a hormone that plays a role in:

immunity

Beta receptors bind with:

norepinephrine smooth muscle

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Created by: lsleicht on 2010-04-04