Nervous System 5 chapter test
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| The autonomic nervous system consists of the: | Visceral, sympathetic, and parasympathetic
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| A neuron that trasmits a nerve impulse toward the CNS is called: | afferent
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| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are: | astrocyte
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| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle: | efferent, or Somatic nervous system
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| The myelin sheat is formed by: | oigodendrocytes and schwann cells
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| Nissl bodies are comparable to: | ribosomes
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| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is: | multipolar
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| A reflex arc: | if a three-nueron arc, contains afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neuron
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| A reflex arc: | can be a two-neuron arc, containing afferent and efferent neuron
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| A reflex arc | is a signal conduction route from receptors to CNS to effectors
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| Multipolar neurons have: | multiple dendrites and one axon
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| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called: | perineurium
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| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers
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| A synaptic knob would be located on: | terminal end of axon
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| Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to: | conduct impulses
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| When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheat from node to node, the type of impluse conduction is called: | saltitory conduction
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| What are the main chemical classes of neurotransmitters: | acetycholine, amine, amino acids, other small molecules
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| Serotonin is an example of an: | amine, monoamie
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| Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to: | receptor or binding site
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| Dendrites conduct impulses: | toward the cell body
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| White matter in the CNS consists of | cell bodies and myelinated fibers
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| Compared to the outside of the neuron, the inside has a | negative charge
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| Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are classified as: | Catecholamines
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| Astrocytes attach to: | both neurons and blood capillaries
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| Schwann cells have a similar function in the PN as __ in the CNS. | oligodendrocytes
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| The nervous system can be divided into: | CNS and PNS, afferent and efferent, or somatic and autonomic
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| The other term for cell body is | soma or perikaryon
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| The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone: | dura mater
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| The innermost layer of the meninges is: | pia mater
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| Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all except: | subdural space
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| If the ventral nerve root of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose: | movement
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| IF the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose: | feeling
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| The brain has __ major divisions: | 6
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| The brainstem includes: | medulla oblongata, midbrains, pons
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| The pyramids are formed in the: | medulla oblongata
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| The vomiting reflex is mediated by the: | medulla oblongata
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| The part of the brain that receives impulses from the labyrinth of the ear, and thus functions in the maintenance of equilibrium, is the: | cerebellum
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| Functions of the hypothalamus: | Integration of many autonomic reflexes, hormona functions, involved in arousal, appetite, thermoregulation
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| The part of the brain that can influence the rlease of hormones or the endocrine system is: | hypothalamus
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| The part of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow: | cerebrum's limbic system
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| The type of brain waves associated with deep sleep: | delta
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| A person who is awake, alert, and attentive would have a predominance of __ brain waves | Beta
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| A lesion in the cerebral cortex might result in: | alzheimers
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| The falx cerebelli separates: | cerebellum and cerebrum
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| The cerebrospinal fluid resides in the: | subarachnoid
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| The layer of the meninges that adheres to the outer surface of the brain is the: | dura mater
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| The white matter of the cerebellum is called: | arborvita
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| The body's biological clock is controlled by the: | pineal gland
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| The foramen magnum is the structure that divides: | the brain and spinal cord?
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| The central section of the cerebellum is called: | vernix
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| The epidural space is: | immediately outside the dura mater but inside the bony coverngs of the spinal cord; is a supporting cushion of fat and other connective tissues; in the brain, is continuous with the periostieum on the inside of the face of the cranial bones.
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| Parts of the spinal cord: | dorsal nerve root, ventral nerve root, spinal nerve, conus medullaris, anterior median fissure, posterior median sulcus, cauda equina, spinal tracts
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| Cranial nerves wih a "motor" function: | oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal
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| The cervical plexus: | includes C1-C5, innervate neck, upper shoulders, and part of head, and diaphragm.
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| The sensory cranial nerves include: | olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear
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| The cranial nerve that arises from both the brain and spinal cord: | accessory nerve
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| Damage to the __ neve could make the diaphragm unable to function: | phrenic nerve
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| Nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvis cavity and some of the suround areas: | sacral plexus
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| The autonomic nervous system functions chiefly in the: | organs
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| Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because: | 1 sympathetic preganglionic neuron synapses with many postganglionic neurons
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| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | nuclie in brainstem or gray columns of sacral cord
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| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebra: | ??
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| Functions eye movement: | oculmotor, trochlear, abducens
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| Afferent nerves or fibers are found: | ??
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| The spinal ganglion can be found on the: | dorsal root
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| By age 2 years in a normal infant, the stimulus that caused the Babinski reflex now causes: | toes go down
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| Pain that is perceived as superficial but is actually caused by underlying organ is called: | referred
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| Visceroceptors are located: | in organs
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| The somatic senses enable us to detec sesation such as | touch, temperature, pain
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| Chemoreceptors are most likely to be activity by: | carbon dioxide, noxious odors
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| The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch: | exteeroceptors, Mechanoreceptors
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| Free nerve endings respond to: | pain, itch, tempoerature, tickle, deflection
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| The olfactory tract carries impulses associatedion with | smell
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| There are _ openings into the middle ear. | 4
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| Primary taste sensations: | sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami
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| The auditory ossicles include: | malleus, incus, stapes
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| Movement of hair cells I the organ of corti against the __ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse condition. | Basilar
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| The sense organs responsible for static equilibrium are located: | vestibule and semicircular canals of ear
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| The white of the eye is reffered to as the: | sclera
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| The function of the lacrimal apparatus is to: | secrete tears
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| Structure associated with hearing: | cochlear duct
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| A somatic sense: | touch, pain, temperature, proprioceptions
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| proprioceptors can be found in | skeletal muscles, joints and tendons
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| Pain receptors | A pain fibers for acute and fast; B pain fibers for chronic or slow
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| Taste buds can be found | mostly on papillae on tongue, but also on lining of mouth and soft palate
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| ___ do not contain taste buds | Filiform papillae
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| Sequence of auditory ossicles: | malleus, incus, stapes
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| Cmpared to nervous system, the regulatory effect of the endocrine system are | slow to appear but longer-lasting
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| General functions of neuroendocrine system: | communication, integration, control
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| Endocrine gland in the neck | Thyroid
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| Nonsteroid hormones | oxytocin, calcitonin, glucogon
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| Hormones may be: | steroids, peptides, and glycoproteins
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| Steroids are able to pass easily through a target cell's plasma membrane because: | they are lipid-soluble
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| The structure ferred to as the master gland is: | pituitary
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| An insufficient amount of somatotropic hormone during the growth years couuld result in: | dwarfism
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| Growth of the ovarian follicle occurs because of | FSH
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| Prolactin affects: | milk secretion
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| The neurohypophysis serves as a storage and release site for | oxytocin
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| Calcitonin: | raises blood calcium levels
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| Parathyroid hromone increases calcium absorption in the intestinesby activating | Vitamin D
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| The hormone that causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts is: | prolactin
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| Secretion of __ is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin mechanism and blood potassium concentration. | aldosterone
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| The adrenal medulla secretes | epinephrine
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| Insulin: | lowers blood concentration of glycose, amino acids, and fatty acids; promotes metabolism of glucose by tissue cells, and is produced by beta cells
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| Hormones produced by the pancreatic islets affect he body's use of: | glucose
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| Human chorionic gonadotroin is produced by the: | placenta
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| Thymosin is a hormone that plays a role in: | immunity
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| Beta receptors bind with: | norepinephrine smooth muscle
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