Surgery 2
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| what is the treatment for AAA | surgery--repair
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| name the 5 P's for symptoms of Acute Arterial Occlusion | pain, pulselessness, pallor, poikilothermia, paresthesias/paralysis
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| what is the most effective treatment for stable claudication | lifestyle modification, smoking cessation, regimented excercise, and medications (Pletal)
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| what is the leading cause of death in Western culture | atherosclerosis
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| what is the result of narrowing of lumen in atherosclerotic disease | distal ischemia, acute thrombosis, downstream embolization
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| name the 3 types of lessions associated with atherosclerotic disease | fatty streaks, fibrous plaques, complex plaques
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| the most common location for atherosclerosis | at a bifurcation
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| what are the secondary risk factors for atherosclerosis | age, family history, male, obesity
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| what causes pain with PVD | ischemia of muscle tissue
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| name the arteries responsible for claudication pain in the buttocks | distal aorta/common iliac
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| name the arteries responsible for claudication pain in the thigh | external iliac
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| name the arteries responsible for claudication pain in the calf | superficial femoral
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| describe typical pain with claudication | reproducible, exercise induced pain in foot, calf, or buttock
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| vascular physical exam assessment includes | documented pulses at each level, evaluate each level for signs of ischemia and tissue loss
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| Is an arteriography always necessary for diagnosis of claudication? | only needed if intervention is planned
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| velocity of blood in vessels is determined by use of __ | duplex ultrasound
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| what is the normal value of ABI in the normal patient | >1
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| what is the ABI in a patient with intermittent claudication | .5-.7
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| what is the ABI in a patient with claudication type pain at rest | <0.3
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| the ratio of the blood pressure in the lower legs to the blood pressure in the arms. Compared to the arm, lower blood pressure in the leg is a symptom of blocked arteries (peripheral vascular disease). | Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
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| what is the common ABI of DM patients | >1 due to calcified non-compressible vessels
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| what is the best test for determination of atherosclerotic disease status | arteriography
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| indications for surgical intervention in PVD | lifestyle modifications, rest pain, or tissue loss
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| one important complication of lower extremity amputation | MI
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| 80% of claudication patients have __ claudication | stable
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| essential test to obtain prior to referral of PVD patient | NIVT
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| test of choice for carotid artery disease | duplex scan (doppler US)
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| what is the gold standard for diagnosing lesions of aortic arch, carotid artery, vertebral artery, and intracranial artery | four vessel arteriography
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| leading cause of death CEA | cardiac complication
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| what are the indications for AAA repair | >5cm, size increase >0.5cm/yr, symptomatic, rupture
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| most common post op complication of AAA | MI
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| what is the etiology of acute arterial occlusion | thrombosis or embolism
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| name 2 common sites of AAO | lower extremity vessels and diseased vessels
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| list the three most common post-MI complications | VSD, Acute mitral insufficiency, LV aneurysm
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| list the criteria for CABG | left main disease >50%, three vessel coronary disease, failed medical management, failed angioplasty, decreased LV function, complicated disease, diabetes mellitus
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| what is the patency of the radial artery when used as a conduit for CABG | 84% five years
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| which conduit is most commonly used in CABG | greater saphenous
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| list the classic triad of symptoms associated with aortic stenosis | angina, syncope, CHF
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| indications for aortic valve replacement | dyspnea on exertion, decreased LV function, pressure gradient >50 mmHg by cath
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| best for diagnosing aortic dissection | TEE
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| percentage of benign cardiac tumors | 75%
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| diagnosis of cardiac tumor | echo
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| diagnosis of pericarditis | echo
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| interpretation of blood flow in a doppler ultrasound | BART-blue away, red toward
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| ABI in normal patients | >1
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| ABI in patients with intermittent claudication | 0.5-0.7
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| ABI in patients with rest pain | <0.3
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| treatment for lower extremity rest pain | arteriography, bypass surgery
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| indications for surgical intervention in PVD | tissue loss, rest pain, lifestyle limiting claudication
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| leading cause of postoperative mortality | MI
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| risk of stroke in patients with carotid stenosis depends on | degree of stenosis, and presence of symptoms
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| what seemingly related symptoms are not associated with carotid disease | diplopia, syncope, paresthesias
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| which vessels are assoc w/ sx of diplopia, syncope, and paresthesias | vertebrobasilar arteries
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| physical exam finding is consistent with carotid vascular disease | carotid bruit
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| gold standard for defining anatomy of carotid artery disease | doppler US
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| gold standard for defining anatomy of carotid lesions | arteriography
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| cause of amaurosis fugax | embolization of the retinal artery, resulting in a transient monocular blindness
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| treatment for a 75% symptomatic carotid stenosis | carotid endarterectomy
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| at what size is AAA repair indicated | >5cm in diameter
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