Surgery 2
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| divisions of cerebrum | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
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| the most important divider in the cranium. lesions above and below this structure; produce distinctive syndromes, require different diagnostic tests, require different treatment strategies, have different prognosis | tentorium
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| concomitant dysphasia, hemianopia, or focal epilepsy is a __ lesion | supratentorial
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| anorexia nervosa is sometimes mistaken for __ | wasting
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| in infants, prominent sutures, wide tight fontanelle, unusually large head, vomiting, headache in occipital region and neck, squint is very common | infratentorial mass
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| brain tumors seldom__ | metastasize outside the CNS
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| __ spread the soonest with metastatic brain tumors | lung and renal cancer cells
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| mets to the brain in men generally come from __ | lung, colon, and renal cancers
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| mets to the brain in women generally come from __ | breast, lung, and melanoma
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| when you see mets to the brain get a __ to confirm pathology | biopsy
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| epilepsy that has failed two medications is | medically intractable epilepsy
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| Most common form of partial complex epilepsy arises from the mesial temporal lobe. Removal of this region can now be done with up to __% cure rate and minimal morbidity | 85
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| to reduce risk of damaging language and memory , patients can undergo a __ test. | WADA
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| in the __ test you temporarily paralyze that half of the brain into which it is injected. Patients are shown flash cards and stop talkin or remembering when the sodium amytal sets in, indicating that hemisphere is involved in language and memory | WADA
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| is a seizure ongoing for 30 minutes without stopping, or multiple seizures in succession without sensorium returning to normal between them | status epilepticus
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| Sybarachnoid hemorrhage may block __ causing hydrocephalus | arachnoid villi
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| myelomeningocele, ultrasound - findings are two frontal bones appear convex inward | lemon sign
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| myelomeningocele, ultrasound - findings are elongated and curved posterior fossa secondary to Chiari malformation | banana sign
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| if a myelomeningocele is discovered during pregnancy it is a surgical emergency and requires: | planned C section with defect closure within 24hrs
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| what is the management of 85% symptomatic carotid stenosis | carotid endoarterectomy
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| name 4 primary risk factors for atherosclerosis | smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia
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| true or false diplopia, syncope, dizziness, vertigo, and paresthesia are symptoms of carotid disease | false
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| what is the cause of Amurosis Fugax | embolization of retinal arteries
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| a tumor in the supratentorial region may result in which pathologic disorder | epilepsy
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| which cancers met to the brain the fastest | lung and renal
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| in which area of the brain do most met tumors arise | cerebrum 80%
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| five step algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of a patient with suspected brain tumor | MRI is study of choice for confirmation of brain tumor. Pan CT of chest/abd/pelvis to detect other tumors. Biopsy of distant tumor or resection of brain tumor to confirm pathology. Radiation/chemo for malignancy. Follow-up surveillance MRI, PET
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| medically intractable epilepsy | failure of two or more medications to prevent further seizures
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| indicate the success rate of temporal lobectomy for the treatment of epilepsy | 85-90% remain seizure free for life
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| status epilepticus | ongoing seizure for 30 min or multiple seizure in succession without sensorium returning to normal between them
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| what is the fisher grade used for | classify appearance of sub arachnoid hemorrhage on scan
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| what is the Hunt Hess scale used for | classify severity of symptoms in sub arachnoid hemorrhage
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| components on Triple H therapy for subarachnoid hemorrhage | hypervolemia, heme dilution, hypertension
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| when can a burr-hole be done to treat subdural hemorrhage | 2 weeks after injury
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| treatment for myelomeningocele | planned c section, emergen closure of defect withing 24 hours
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| tethered cord | abnormally low conus medullaris
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| Acute subdural hematoma: timeframe | Acute: 0-1 week
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| Subacute subdural hematoma: timeframe | 1-2 weeks
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| Chronic subdural hematoma: timeframe | >2 weeks
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| Most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage | Trauma
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