GCSE Physics P1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is thermal radiation? | Energy transfer by electromagnetic waves.
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| Which objects emit thermal radiation? | All objects.
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| What is the relation between the hotness of an object and thermal radiation emitted? | The hotter the object, the more thermal radiation emitted.
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| Which is better at emitting thermal radiation. A dark matt surface, or a shiny, light surface? | Dark matt surface.
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| Which is better at absorbing thermal radiation. A dark matt surface, or a shiny, light surface? | Dark matt surface.
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| How does conduction occur in a metal? | Free electrons transferring energy.
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| Why are non metals poor conductors? | They do not contain free electrons.
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| Why are materials such as fibreglass good insulators? | They contain pockets of trapped air.
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| In which states of matter does convection occur? | Fluids (Liquids and Gases)
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| How does heating a fluid affect density? | Makes it less dense.
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| What causes convection? | A hot liquid or gas rising.
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| Why does a radiator have a large surface area? | So it can lose heat easily.
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| Which loses heat more easily. Small or Large objects? | Small objects.
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| How can heat loss from a building be reduced? | -Aluminium foil behind radiators.-Cavity wall insulation.-Double glazing.-Loft insulation.
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| Does energy only exist in one form? | No, energy exists in many forms.
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| Can energy transform into different forms? | Yes- energy can transfor from one form to another.
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| What is 'The Conservation of Energy'? | Energy cannot be created or desroyed.
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| Can energy be transferred from one place to another? | Yes.
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| What is 'useful energy'? | Energy in the place and form we need it.
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| What is 'wasted energy'? | Not useful energy.
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| What happens to both useful and wasted energy? | Transferred to surroundings as heat.
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| What happens as energy spreads out? | It gets more and more difficuly to use for more energy transfers.
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| What unit is energy measured in? | Joules.
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| How do you calculate the efficiency of a device? | Useful energy (divided by) Total Energy
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| What effect does wasted energy have on efficiency? | Causes inefficiency.
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| What is electrical energy? | Energy transfer due to an electric current.
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| What are electrical devices used for? | Heating, lighting, motorising, sound and visual.
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| What is the unit of power? | Watt (W)
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| What does the unit 'Watt' mean. | 1 Joule / Second
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| What is the calculation to find power? | energy transferred (J) (divided by) time taken (seconds)
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| What is the calculation for energy transferred? (kWh) | power (kW) x time (hours)
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| What is the calculation for price of energy transferred? | number of KWh x cost per kWh
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| What is the national grid? | A network of cables and transformers.
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| What are step up transformers used for in the national grid? | To increase voltage levels from those used in powerstations, to those on the grid.
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| What are step up transformers used for in the national grid? | To decrease voltage levels for use in homes.
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| Why is electricity transferred over the grid at high voltage? | A higher voltage means less current, which means less energy lost as heat.
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| What are generators driven by in power stations? | Turbines.
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| Which releases more energy per kilogram. Uranium or other fossil fuels? | Uranium.
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| What is a wind tubine? | An electricity generator on top of a tall tower.
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| What is a wave generator? | A generator turned by the waves.
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| How are hydrolectricity generators turned? | Water flowing downhill.
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| How does a tidal power station work? | Traps each high tide and uses it to turn generators.
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| How can we use solar energy in the home? | -Solar cells-Solar panels - used to heat water
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| Where does geothermal energy come from? | Radioactive energy from sustances in the earth.
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| What do all fossil fuels produce? | Greenhouse gases.
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| What do all Nuclear fuels produce? | Radioactive waste.
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| What is a disadvantage of using renewable energy sources? | Could affect plant and animal life.
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| List the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength. | Gamma, X, U-V, Visible, Infra red, Microwaves, Radio.
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| At what speed do all electromagnetic waves travel through space? | 300 Million m/s
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| What is the formula for wave speed? | wavelength x frequency
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| What can absorb X-rays and gamma radiation? | Dense materials (eg metal + bone)
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| Are there any disadvantages to humans regarding X rays and gamma radiation? | Damage living tissue when they pass through it.
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| What are X-Rays used for? | In hospitals to take radiographs.
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| What are Gamma rays used for? | Kill bacteria in food, sterilise surgical equipment, kill cancer cells.
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| What are the effects of U-V radiation on humans? | Harms skin and eyes.
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| How can we change the use of radio waves? | By altering the frequency.
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| Which parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used in fibre optics? | Infra red and visible.
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| Are analogue signals constant in amplitude? | No, they vary.
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| How many form of digital signal are there? | 2 - (1 or 0)
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| WHat are the differences between analogue and digital transmission? | Digital can carry more information and is free of noise and distortion.
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| What does a radioactive substance contain? | Unstable nuclei.
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| How does an unstable electron become stable? | By emitting radiation.
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| How many types of radiation are there? | 3- Alpha beta gamma
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| Can we predict or influence radioactive decay? | No- it is a random event.
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| What is alpha radiation stopped by? | paper or a few cm of air
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| What is beta radiation stopped by? | thin metal or a metre of air
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| What is gamma radiation stopped by? | thick lead, unlimited in air
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| What is the 'half life' of a radioactive isotope? | The time it takes for the number of nuclei of the isotope in a sample halves.
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| What happens to the number of unstable atoms and activity in one half life? | Decreases to half.
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| What affects the use we can make of a radioactive substance? | Half Life, Type of radiation
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| What happens to light from distant galaxies? | It is red-shifted to longer wavelengths.
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| How far away are the most distant galaxies? | 13,000 million light years.
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| Is the universe expanding? | Yes.
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| How didthe universe begin? | The big bang- a massive explosion from a very small point.
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| What is background microwave radiation? | Radiation created just after the big bang.
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| Which electromagnetic waves are absorbed by the atmosphere? | All but visible, radio and some UV.
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| What are satellite detectors used for? | To make observations outside the visible and radio spectrum.
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| What are the advantages of a space telescope? | Less atmospheric distortion, clearer image.
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| What are 2 sources of energy that can respond to surges in demnd for electricity? | Hydroelectric, Tidal.
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| How does convection occur? | Waater molucules gsin kinetic energy and move apart causing the region of water above the flame to expand and rise, carrying the heat with it.
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| Is nuclear a renewable energy source? | No.
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| Are digital signals faster than analogue? | No.
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| Is alpha radiation affected by a magnetic field? | Yes, it is deflected to the negative.
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| Is beta radiation affected by a magnetic field? | Yes, it is deflected to the negative. (opposite to alpha)
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| Is gamma radiation affected by a magnetic field? | No it is not.
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| What is alpha radiation? | Helium Nucleus (2 protons 2 neutrons)
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| What is beta radiation? | A high speed electron from the nucleus. Emitted when a neutron changes to a proton and an electron. The proton remains in the nucleus.
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| What is gamma radiation? | Very short wavelength electromagnetic wave from nucleus.
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| What affects rate of heat transfer? | Shape/dimensions, Temperature difference between body and surroundings.
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| What are the disadvantages of using fossil fuels? | Expensive to build, release greenhouse gases, radioactive waste etc.
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