micro vocab
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| acellular | lacking any cell characteristics
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| cultured cells for virus | cells that are grown are infected with viruses
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| suitable cells for virus | viruses are specific to cell type
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| capsid | protein capsule
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| nucleocapsid | combination of protein capsule and nucleic acid
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| lysogeny | bacteriophage's nucleic acid becomes mixed in with the bacteria's own nucleic acid and the mixed genome is what becomes replicated from that point on
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| subsequent host cell | the phage's replicated will lyse and release more of the virus to attach to surrounding bacteria
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| temperate phage | those phage that have lied dormant until they undergo lysogeny
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| reverse transcriptase | makes DNA from RNA
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| retrovirus | virus is a permanent part of RNA
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| neoantigen | virus parts on a cell membrane that the immune system recognizes as foreign
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| neoplasia | growth of malignant cells
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| plankton | refers to all single celled photosynthetic organisms
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| foramanifera | amoebic shells
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| amorphus | no fixed shape
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| Entamoeba histolytica | amoebic dysentary
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| Acanthamoeba | protist that can develop in eyes due to dirty contact lenses
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| Trypanosoma brucci | African sleeping sickness caused by a flagellate
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| Trypanosoma cruzi | Chagas disease caused by a flagellate
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| Giardia lamblia | severe dysentary from fecally contaminated water; caused by a flagellate
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| Trichomonas vaginalis | STD common in females caused by a flagellate
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| Plasmodium falciparum | causes malaria; a sporozoa pathogen
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| Taxoplasma gondii | causes taxoplasmosis, carried in cat feces; a sporozoa pathogen
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| Pneumocystis carnii | opportunistic sporozoa pathogen causing pneumonia
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| Cryptosporidium | chronic diarrhea caused by a sporozoa pathogen
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| red tide | caused by blooms of dinoflagellates
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| eumycota | true fungi
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| Ascomycota | sac fungi
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| Basidiomycota | club fungi
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| Chytridiomycota | chytrids
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| yeast | single celled fungi
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| Saccharomyces cerevisiase | common yeast
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| hyphae | forms mycelium
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| aseptate | long mycelium with no spaces
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| septate | mycelium with no spaces
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| YM shift | yeast to mold shift occuring when mold changes its environment
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| saphophytic | an organism that lives off of dead organisms; most molds are this way
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| Rhizopus stolonifer | common bread mold
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| Rhizopus nigricans | soft black rot of vegetables
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| Neurospora crassa | pink bread mold
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| Claviceps purpurea | causes ergotism; also has medicinal uses
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| Aspergillus niger | causes peach mold
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| Aspergillus flavus | aflatoxin in grain
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| generation time | times it takes for bacteria to double or have exponential growth
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| mean generation time | mean doubling time of bacteria at specific intervals of growth curve
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| osmotolerant | organisms able to withstand low water activity environments
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| osmophilic | organisms preferring low water activity environments
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| psychrophile optimum temperature | -5 to 20 C
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| psyschotrophe | can survive at temps of 0-35 C
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| mesophile | optimum temp 15-45 C
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| thermophile | optimum 40-80 C
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| hyperthermophile | optimum 70-105 C
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| x-ray/gamma ray | destroy bacteris by chemical alterations esp. in DNA
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| UV light | cause thymine bridges in DNA
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| photoreactivation | white light repairs UV light damage to DNA
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| apoenzyme | protein portion of an enzyme
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| cofactor | non-protein portion of an enzyme
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| holoenzyme | enzyme and protein or non-protein portion
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| coenzyme | cofactor that is loosley associated to enzyme
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| catalytic site | active site of enzymes
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| oxidative phosphorylation | the process of generation ATP from the electron transport system
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| TDT | thermal death time; shortest time it takes to kill organisms
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| pasteurization | kills certain pathogens by heat; does not sterilize
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| LTLT | low temperature long time; 63C/30 minutes
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| HTST | high temperature short time; 72C/15sec
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| UHT | ultra high temperature; 140-150C/1-3sec.
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| membrane filters | filters out unwanted organisms; pore size about 0.2micrometers
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| HEPA filters | high effeciancy particulate air; keeps dust and mo's out of air
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| lyophilization | freeze dried
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| phenolics | denature proteins and cause membrane disruptions
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| alcohols | denatures proteins and dissolves lipids
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| iodophor | iodine complexed with an organic carrier
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| hypochlorus acid | chlorine added to water, oxidizes cellular material
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| heavy metals | complax with protein and precipitate them
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| detergents | dentaures proteins and destroys cell membrane
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| aldehyde | disinfection, also toxic and carcinogenic
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| ethylene oxide | penetrates surfaces well to kill bacteris; highly explosive
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| BPL | effective in killing bacteria, however does not penetrate surfaces well
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| phenol coefficient | compares the potency of some anti-microbial to that of phenol; used for screening purposes
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