Muscle make-up and movement terms
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| 3 Types of Muscle Tissue | Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal
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| Endomysium | Connective tissue membrane covering muscle fibers
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| Fascicles | groups of skeletal muscle fibers
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| Perimysium | tough connective tissue surrounding fascicles
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| Epimysium | coarse sheet of connective tissue that covers a muscle as a whole
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| Tendon | bands or cords of fibrous connective tissue that attatch a muscle to a bone or other structure
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| Fascia | fibrous connective tissue found under skin
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| Structure of muscle form largest to smallest | Muscle-Fascial-Muscle Cells/Fiber-Myofibril-Sacromere-Filaments- Actin(thin) and Mysosin(Thick) filaments
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| Sarcolemma | plasma membrane of muscle fiber
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| Sarcoplasm | muscle fiber's cytoplasm
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| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | network of tubules and sacs in muscle cells; similer to ER of other cells
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| T-tubules | transverse tubules unique to muscle cells; formed by inward extensions of the sarcolemma that allow electrical impulses to move deeper into the cell
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| myofibrils | very fine longitudinal fibers found in skeletal muscle cells; composed of thick and thin filaments
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| Myosin | contractile protein in thick filaments
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| Actin | contractile protien found in thin filaments
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| Sliding filament theory | model of muscle contraction in which sliding of thin filaments toward the center of each sacromere quickly shortens the muscle fiber and thereby the entire muscle
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| motor neuron | transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues
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| neuromuscular junction | point of contact between nerve endings and muscle fibers
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| motor unit | functional unit composed of a single motor neuron with the muscle cells it innervates
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| Functions of the muscular system | Movement, Heat production, Posture
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| Agonist | muscles or group of muscles that directly performs a specific movement
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| antagonists | muscles that when contracting directly oppose prime movers
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| synergists | muscle that contract the same time as the primer mover; help prime movers produce more effective movement
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| fixator muscles | joint stabilizers
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| Body | central body portion of muscle that shortens when muscle contracts
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| origin | point of muscle attatchment to bone that does not move when the muscle is contracted
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| insertion | point of muscle attatchment to bone that moves when the muscle is contracted
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| Class of Levers | first (Ex. Seesaw), second ( wheelbarrow), third (flexing of the forearm at the elbow joint)
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| How muscles are named | location, function, shape, direction of fibers, numbers of heads or division, points of attatchment, size of muscle
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