US, Ultrafast MRI, Fetal Echo, NST, BPP, etc.
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| US is diagnostic for... | Anencephaly
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| US is NOT diagnostic for... | trisomies!
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| Two types of US | 1. transvaginal 2. transabdominal
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| First trimester Routine US measure | 1. CRL 2. Placental location 3. Fetal number 4. AFV 5. Fetal HB 6. Maternal uterus and ovaries
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| First Trimster NT | 11 weeks-13 weeks 6 days and if above 3mm is increased
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| How would you measure a 5 week gestation? | CRL
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| Fetal Cardiac activity presents at | 5 weeks gestation
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| NST | monitors changes in fetal rate in association with fetal movement and maternal uterine contractions (fetal heart rate reactivity)
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| BPP | usually performed is NST is abnormal
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| When is an NST/BPP performed? | 30+ weeks
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| What is an NST/BPP used for? | 1. Post-dates 2. IUGR 3. Polyhydr. 4. Oligohydr. 5. Maternal hypertension 6. Multiples 7. Maternal Diabetes 8. Maternal toxemia 9. Elevated MSAFP 10. Fetal arrythmia 11. Decreased fetal movement 12. Other maternal disease
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| BPP is scored based on... | 1. NST then US assessment... 2. Fetal breathing 3. Fetal movement 4. Fetal tone 5. AFV
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| Fetoscopy | Direct visualization of fetus, fetal anatomy, and/or umbilical cord using fiberoptics
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| When is a fetoscopy performed? | 1. between 15 and 18 weeks for best visualization 2. between 18-20 weeks for blood sampling
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| Advantages of fetoscopy | Direct visualization and sampling and therapy capabilities
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| Disadvantages of fetoscopy | 1. High fetal loss rate due to wider gauge of endoscope compared to procedure needle 2. Inflexible canula 3. Limited availability 4. Declining usage
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| Second Trimester US Routinely looks for | 1. Fetal number, position, heart rate 2. Placenta 3. AFV 4. Maternal uterus and ovaries 5. Gestational Age 6. Fetal Anatomy
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| Second Trimester trisomy markers | 1.`Nuchal skin fold 2. ear length 3. middle phalanx of 5th digit 4. intestines 5. pelvic angle 6. humerus length 7. BPD 8. heart 9. kidneys foot length 10. femur length 11. cerebral lateral ventricles
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| Second Trimester targeted US | Detailed US to detect specific anomalies or features associated with specific suspected syndromes
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| Third Trimester US | Same as second
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| Advantages of US | non-invasive and can be done throughout the pregnancy
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| Precautions of US | Must define significance of early findings
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| Fetal MRi | MRI technology continues to improve and helps with US.
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| Ultrafast MRi Advantages | 1. Maternal obesity, oligohydramnios, or bad fetal lie don't effect it 2. Significant impact on eval of the brain 3. Eval of renal dysplastic changes may be better
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| Precautions for Ultrafast MRI | 1. Closed for faster imaging 2. US still preferred for subtle spin and vertebral anomalies 3. Limitation if the mother is overwt
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| Fetal Echo evaluates | 1. 4 chambers 2. Position in left chest 3. Wall thickness and contractility 4. Chamber size 5. Valves 6. Arrhytmia 7. 2 great vessels from appropriate ventricles 8. 2 pulmonary veins into left atrium 9. aortic arch 10. DA 11. coarctation of the aorta
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| Fetal Echo is best done at what time and to identify what? | Between 20 and 24 weeks to identify 1. major structural cardiac defects 2 cardiac arrhythmias 3. Hemodynamics abn. with doppler 4. Situs inversus 5. Cardiomyopathy 6. Cardiac tumors
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Created by:
KChatham
Popular Genetics sets