A&P2-ClassNotes P48 Endocrine Sys #4/Test 3
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| Parathyroids-we have | 4-2 on each lobel
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| Where is Parathyroid located: loc.: | embedded on posterior surfaces of lateral lobes of the thyroid
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| Describe parathyroid: | small round masses
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| Kinds of cells in parathyroid: | 2 kinds: Chief and Oxyphil
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| CHIEF (PRINCIPAL) cells: | major producers of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases calcium levels in blood
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| OXYPHIL CELLS: | These cells may synthesize a reserve capacity of PTH. This has not yet been proven
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| PTH is: | Parathyroid hormone
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| How many Adrenal Glands: | Two; One superior to each kidney
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| Adrenal Glands each have a: | cortex and medulla
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| Cortex is: | outer layer
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| Medulla is: | inner part
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| Cortex has 3 zones: | Zona Glomerulosa, Zona Fasciculata, Zona Reticularis
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| Zona Glomerulosa secretes: | MINERALOCORTICOIDS-which helps control water balance and electrolytes
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| Aldosterone assounts for ___% of: | 95%; mineral o corticoid activity
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| Zona Fasciculata sectetes: | GLUCOCORTICOIDS such as: cortisone, corticosterone & cortisol. Cortisol is most abundant.All work w/other hormnones to help requlate metabolism, provide resistance to stress and are anti-inflammatory
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| Zona Reticularis mainly: | secretes GONADOCORTICOIDS (sex hormones)
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| The Medulla contains hormone-producing: | cells called CHROMAFFIN cells, which surround large blood filled sinuses
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| The CHROMAFFIN cells produce: | epinephrine & norepinephrine
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| CATECHOLAMINES are: | epinephrine (formerly adrenolin) and norepinephrine
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| The catecholamines are based on: | the amino acid tyrosine
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| CWhat are fight or flight hormones: | epinephrine & norepinephrine
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| The Pancreas is known as: | a dual action gland
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| The pancreas has both exocrine &: | endocrine
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| Endocrine portion is: | PANCREATIC ISLETS or ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
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| Pancreatic islets consist of hormone-producing cells including: | Alpha, Beta, Delta & F-cells
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| Alpha Cells: | produce GLUCOGON
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| Glucogon is a hormone that: | puts glucose into blood from storage
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| Beta Cells: | produce INSULIN which takes glucose out of blood & into cells
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| Delta cells produce a: | peptide hormone that is identical to GH INHIBITING FACTOR (GHIF)
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| SOMATOSTATIN aka: | GH INHIBITING FACTOR, which inhibits the secretion of insulin
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| F-cells produce: | PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE (PP), which inhibits the gullbladder & regulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes
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| Alpha & Beta work as a team to: | regulate homeostasis under direction of CNS
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