Female Reproductive Anatomy
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| Female gonads | ovaries – produce ova by oogenesis, secrete estrogen, progesterone and inhibin
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| Ovaries | paired organs in the upper pelvic cavity that are held into position by a ligaments (ex: mesovarian, ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament) that are the site of oogenesis and hormone production
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| Fallopian tube | a transport for oocyte (egg) from the ovaries to the uterus by peristalsis and cilia; also called uterine tube; each is about 4" in length
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| Fallopian tube regions | fimbraie, infundibulum, ampulla, ishthmus
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| Ampulla | where fertilization usually occurs in the upper 1/3rd portion
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| Fimbraie | fingerlike projections lined with ciliated epithelium located at the opening of each fallopian tube
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| Suspensory ligament | anchors ovary laterally to the pelvic wall (located near the ampulla area)
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| Mesosalpinx ligament | The free margin of the upper division of the broad ligament within which lies the oviduct and lies superior to mesovarian ligament, anchors uterine tube
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| Mesovarium ligament | lies inferior to the Mesosalpinx ligament and superior to the ovarian ligament to the portion of the peritoneal fold that suspend the ovary and is part of broad ligament.
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| Mesometrium | The broad ligament inferior to the mesovarium that anchors inferiorly to fimbriae/ovary area and is part of broad ligament
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| Broad ligament | a peritoneal fold that “tents” over the uterus and supports the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina.
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| Ovarian ligament | anchors the ovary medially to the uterus and is enclosed within the broad ligament
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| Ectopic pregnancy | implantation of the fertilized egg within the fallopian tube or the pelvic cavity
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| Uterus anatomy | from superior end: the fundus, body, ishmus, cervix
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| Uterine histology | perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The endometrium contains the stratum functionalis (which is shed each month) and the stratum basalis (the permanent layer)
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| Perimetrium | the serosa, the visceral peritoneum of the uterus
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| Myometrium | the middle portion that is made of the smooth muscle layers
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| Endometrium | the vascular inner lining of the uterus composed of the stratum functionalis and the stratum basalis
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| Stratum functionalis | : the part of the uterine endometrium that lies closest to the uterine cavity and is shed during menstruation
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| Stratum basalis | : the permanent layer of the uterine endometrium that produces a new stratum functionalis after menstruation
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| Clitoris | a small erectile body located beneath the anterior labial commissure and partially hidden by the anterior portion of the labia minora; analogous with the male penis
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| Vagina | a muscular organ lined with mucous membrane containing rugae, also called birth. Smooth muscle allows stretching for childbirth.
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| Rectouterine pouch | (pouch of Douglas) lies between the rectum and the uterus
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| Mammary gland / Breast | modified sudoriferous glands; initial development at puberty is stimulated by estrogens and progesterone.
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| Vaginal histology | epithelial cells release large amounts of glycogen, with is anearobically metabolized to lactic acid by resident bacteria. Consequently, the pH is normally quite acidic which helps keep the vagina healthy, but is also hostile to sperm.
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| Vulva | term applied to the external organs of the female. Includes the mons veneris, labia majora, labia minora, the clitoris, the meatus urinarium and the orifice of the vagina.
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| Clitoris histology | covered by stratified squamous epithelium and contains meissners and panician corpuscles in the subepithelial stroma.
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| Ovary histology | covered in simple cuboidal epithelium
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| Fallopian tube histology | covered in simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and peg-shaped secreting cells
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| Fallopian tube walls | contain walls of 1)serosa, lined with mesothelium 2) muscularis of inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle and 3) mucosa
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| Cervical histology | contains cervical mucous glands to lubricate the vagina
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| Urethra | canal through which uring passes from the bladder to outside the body. In the female is about 1-/2 inches long.
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| Urethra histology | the muscularis contains two smooth muscle layers an outer, circular and an inner, longitudinal layer. The mucosa contains transitional epithelium.
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| Breast histology | has suspensory ligaments, called ligaments of Astley Cooper that run through the gland. It contains stratified cubiodal or columnar epithelial cells with myoepthial cells.
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| Labia Majora | two prominent longitudinal cutaneoud folds of the peritoneium. It is covered by stratified squamous epithelium with a thin keratinized layer and contains sebaceous glands.
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