ch.17 med term
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| adnexa | tissues or structures in the body that are next to or near another. As in the uterus, the adnexa consists of the fallopian tubes ,ovaries and ligaments of the uterus
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| areola | the darker pigmented, circular area surrounding the nipple of each breast; also known as the areola mammae or the areloa papillaris
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| Bartholin's glands | two small, mucous-secreting glands located on the posterior and lateral aspects of the entrance to the vagina
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| cervix | the part of the uterus that protrudes into the cavity of the vagina; the neck of the uterus
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| climacteric | the cessation of menstruation
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| clitoris | the vaginal erectile tissue (structure) corresponding to the male penis
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| coitus | the sexual union of two people of the opposite sex in which the penis is introduced into the vagina; also known as sexual intercourse or copulation
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| gynecologist | a physician who specializes in the medical specialty that deals with diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
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| graafian follicles | a mature, fully developed ovarian cyst containing the ripe ovum
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| gonads | a gamete-producing gland, such as an ovary or a testis
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| gamete | a mature sperm or ovum
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| fundus | the dome-shaped central, upper portion of the uterus between the points of insertion of the fallopian tubes
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| fourchette | a tense band of mucous membranes at the posterior rim of the vaginal opening; the point at which the labiaminora connect
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| fimbriae | the fringelike end of the fallopian tube
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| fertilization | the union of a male sperm and a female ovum
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| fallopian tubes | one of a pair of tubes opening at one end into the uterus and at the other end of the peritoneal cavity, over the ovary
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| estrogen | one of the female hormones that promotes the development of the female secondary sex characteristics
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| endometrium | the inner lining of the uterus
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| diaphragm | a term used in gynecology to represent a form of contraception
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| cul-de-sac | a pouch located between the uterus and rectum within the peritoneal cavity. This pouch is formed by one of the ligaments that serves as support to the uterus.
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| corpes luteum | a yellowish mass that forms within the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation, containing high levels of progesterone and some estrogen.
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| menstruation | the periodic shedding of the lining of the non-pregnant uterus through a bloody discharge that passes through the vagina to the outside of the body.
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| menses | another name for menstruation or menstrual flow
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| menorrhea | menstrual flow
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| menopause | the permanent cessation (stopping) of the menstrual cycles
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| menarche | onset of menstruation; the first menstrual period
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| mastitis | inflammation of the breast
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| mastectomy | surgical removal of the breast as a treatment method for breast cancer; can be simple(breast only), modified radical(breast & lymph nodes in axilla), or radical(breast/lymph nodes & chest muscles on affected side)
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| mammary glands | the female breasts
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| lumpectomy | surgical removal o0f only the tumor and the immediate adjacent breast tissue; a method of treatment for breast cancer when detected in the early stage of the disease
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| labia majora | two folds of skin containing fatty tissue and covered with hair that lie on wither side of the vaginal opening, extending from the mons pubis to the perineum. outer surface is covered by pubic hair;inner surface is smooth and moist
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| hymen | a thin layer of elastic, connective tissue membrane that forms a border around the outer opening of the vagina and may partially cover the vaginal opening
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| gynecology | the branch of medicine that deals with the study of diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
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| vulva | the external genitalia that consits of the mons pubis, labia majora, clitoris, labia minora, vestibule, urinary meatus, vaginal orifice, Bartholin's glands, and the perineum; also known as the pudendum
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| vagina | the muscular tube that connects the uterus with the vulva.
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| uterus | the hollow, pear-shaped organ of the female reproductive system that houses the fertilized, implanted ovum as it develops throughout pregnancy; also the source of the monthly menstrual flow from the nonpregnant uterus
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| testes | the paired male gonads that produce sperm. they are suspended in the scrotal sac in the adult male
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| sperm | a mature male germ cell; spermatozoon
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| puberty | the period of life at which the ability to reproduce begins when the female reproductive organs are fully developed
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| progesterone | 1 of the female hormones secreted by the corpus luteum & the placenta.Primarily responsible for the changes that occur in the endometrium in anticipation of a fertilized ovum, & for development of the maternal placenta after implantation of a fertid. ovum
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| myometrium | the muscular layer of the uterine wall
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| ovary | one of a pair of female gonads responsible for producing mature ova(eggs) & releasing them at monthly intervals(ovulation);also responsible for producing the female hormones estrogen and progesterone
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| ovulation | the release of the mature ovum from the ovary, occurring approximately 14 days prior to the beginning of menses
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| ovum | the female reproductive cell; female sex cell or egg
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| perineum | the area between the vaginal orifice and the anus that consists of muscular and fibrous tissue and serves as a support for the pelvic structures
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| pregnancy | the period of intrauterine development of the fetus from conception through birth. the average pregnancy last appr. 40 weeks; also known as the gestational period
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| premenstrual syndrome | a group of symptoms that include irritability, fluid retention, tenderness of the breasts and a general feeling of depression occurring shortly before the onset of menstruation; also called PMS
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| oligomenorrhea | abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
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| metorrhagia | uterine bleeding at times other than the menstrual period
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| menorrhagia | abnormally long or very heavy menstrual periods
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| dysmenorrhea | painful menstrual flow
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| amenorrhea | absence of menstrual flow
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| abstinence | abstain from having vaginal intercourse
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| oral contraceptives | birth control pills, contain synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone and are taken by mouth
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| Depo- Provera Injection | a form of contraception administered intramusularly, approximately once every 12 weeks
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| intrauterine device | small plastic T-shaped object with strings attached to the leg of the T. It is inserted into the uterus, through the vagina and remains in lace in the uterus
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| birth control patch | a thin, flexible square patch that continuously delivers hormones through the skin and into the bloodstream for a full seven days to prevent pregnancy.
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| contraceptive ring | (placed into the vagina) that slowly releases a low dose of hormones that prevent pregnancy
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| barrier methods | methods of birth control the place physical barriers between the cervix and the sperm so that the sperm cannot pass the cervix and enter the uterus, and thus the fallopian tubes
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| carcinoma of the breast | a malignant(cancerous) tumor of the breast tissue. the most common type (ductal carinoma)originates in the mammary ducts.
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| vasectomy | is surgically cutting and typing the vas deferens to prevent the passage of sperm, consequently preventing pregnancy -also known as male sterilization-
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| micro- insert system | an alternative to tubal ligation that provides bilateral occlusion of the fallopian tubes by inserting a soft, flexible micro-insert into each fallopian tube
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| tubal ligation | surgically cutting and typing the fallopian tubes to prevent passage of ova or sperm through the tubes, consequently preventing pregnancy; female sterilization
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| cervicitis | an acute of chronic inflammation of the uterine cervix
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