Neurosensory Terms and Root Term Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| audio | sound ***audio,speakers, sound*** audiology-study of sound
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| cerebro | brain ***brain, head,brow,cerebro*** cerebrosclerosis-brain hardening
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| encephalo | brain ***brain,angel's head,in safe halo, encephalo*** encephalopathy-brain disease
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| esthesia | sensation ***sensation, cold, Russia, Anastasia, esthesia*** anesthesia-without sensation
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| medulla | brain middle ***brain middle, head, Medusa, medulla*** medullectomy-brain excision
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| meningo | membranes, spinal cord ***membranes, men braines, what makes men go, meningo*** meningitis-meninges inflammation
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| neuro | nerves ***nerves,nervy, uh-oh,neuro*** neurology-nerves, study of
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| occiput | back of skull ***back of skull,pillow,head is put, occiput*** occipitofacial-occiput and face
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| oculo | eye ***eye,occular, oculo*** oculomotor-eye movement
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| opthalmo | eye ***eye,idea,choose, opt almost, opthalmo*** opthalmology-eye, study of
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| oto | ear ***ear,sound,noise,road noise,auto,oto*** otitis-ear inflammation
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| parietes | parietal,wall( They lie in the top middle-back of the brain) part ***wall of brain, partition, parietes*** parietofrontal-front wall or bones
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| pons | bridges (It is a bridge between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain.) ***bridges in the brain, bridge, game,chess,pawns,pons*** pontobullbar-pons and medulla
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| tempora | temporal ***temporal,time, tempo, row to a tempo, tempero*** temporomandibular-temple and jaw
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| adeno | Gland: The patient went to the oncologist for treatment of his malignant adenoma. Meaning: The patient went to the cancer doctor for treatment of his cancerous gland tumor.
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| calculi | stone: The patient went to the nephrologist for a lithotripsy procedure to treat her renal calculi. Meaning: The patient went to the kidney doctor for a stone-breaking procedure that uses sound to break up kidney stones.
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| cele | tumor, cyst:The urologist told the patient to treat his traumatic hydrocele with a scrotal support until the edema subsides. Meaning:Doctor specializing in urine complications told patient to treat his swollen groin with support, till it goes away.
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| cyto | cell:The neonatologist ordered the phlebotomist to perform a test of the mother's blood for cytomegalovirus. Meaning: The new baby doctor ordered the blood drawer to perform a test of the mother's blood for a large virus that affects cells.
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| glyco | sweet,sugar:The patient's hepatitis was causing glycopexis. Meaning: The patient's liver disease was causing his liver to have difficulty storing sugar.
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| homeo, homo | sililar,same,like:he patient's burns were healing nicely due to the homograft treatments, also called allograft. Meaning: The patient's burns were healing nicely due to the similar skin treatment.
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| lingua | tongue-The surgeon performed a lingulectomy on the patient based on the pulmonologist's recommendations.Meaning: The respiratory doctor recommended that a part of the left upper lung that is tongue-shaped be removed.
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| lip | fat:he dietician recommended that lipids be added to the patient's parenteral nutrition. Meaning: The food specialist recommended that a fat supplement be added to the patient's intravenous (within vein) nutrition.
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| lith | stone:The patient needed a cholecystectomy because of her cholelithiasis. Meaning: The patient needed her gallbladder removed because of her gallstones.
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| madaro | hair loss:The burn patient suffered madarosis due to a flash burn to his face. Meaning: The burn patient lost his eyelashes and eyebrows due to a flash burn to his face.
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| pedia | child:The pediatrician said that the boy was not developing properly because of his pedatropy condition. Meaning: The childrens doctor children said that the boy was not growing correctly due to a children's disease that causes him to waste away.
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| pysch | mind:Psychotropic drugs were ordered by the psychiatrist for the psychotic patient. Meaning: Drugs that treat the mind were ordered by the doctor who treats mental disorders for the patient's mental disease.
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| pyo | pus:The nurse described the patient's wound drainage as pustulant because it was pyoid in appearance. Meaning: The nurse described the patient's wound drainage as filled with pus because it looked like pus.
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| radi | rays:The radiologist ordered a chest X ray for the cancer patient who was receiving radiation therapy. Meaning: The doctor who reads X rays ordered a chest X ray for the cancer patient who was receiving ionizing ray therapy.
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| thermic | heat:The mountain climber almost succumbed due to hypothermia. Meaning: The mountain climber almost died due to loss of body temperature (cold).
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| arthro | joint:The arthritis patient's conditon was called arthrosclerosis. Meaning: The patient with joint disease had a condition called joint hardening.
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| carpo | wrist:The orthopedic surgeon indicated that without rehab, the patient may experience carpoptosis. Meaning: The bone surgeon indicated that without exercise, the patient may experience wrist dropping.
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| chondro | cartilage:The basketball player was told he should retire because of the chondromalacia, which involved his patella. Meaning: The basketball player was told he should retire because of soft cartilage around his kneecap.
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| costa | rib:The electrocardiogram technician placed the lead in the third intercostal space. Meaning: The electric waves of the heart were tested, and the technician placed an electrode (lead) between the third and fourth ribs.
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| cranio | skull:The obstetrician performed a cranioclasis because the baby was hydrocephalic. Meaning: The doctor who delivered the baby broke his skull because fluid in the baby's head had made the skull too large.
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| dactyl | finger:The deaf student requested a dactylologist be present when she is in class. Meaning: The deaf student requested that someone who knows sign language be present in class.
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| ili | hip:The male siblings were always together due to their iliopagus. Meaning: The brothers were joined at the hip (Siamese twins).
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| manus | hand:The dentist used a manudynamometer during the procedure. Meaning: The dentist used a device to measure pressure during the procedure.
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| myel | bone marrow:The patient's leukemia was caused by a lack of myelocytes. Meaning: The patient's cancer of the blood was caused by a lack of cells in the bone marrow that produce white blood cells.
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| myo | muscle:Myoplastic surgery was required to repair the baseball pitcher's arm. Meaning: The baseball player needed plastic surgery to the muscle to repair his arm.
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| ortho | straighten:The orthopedist referred the patient to the orthodontist to fix his crooked teeth. Meaning: The doctor who deals with posture and curvature problems referred the patient to a dentist who fixes crooked teeth.
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| osteo | bone:Osteomyelitis occurred after the patient had surgery, probably caused by a nosocomial infection. Meaning: An inflammation of the bone and bone marrow occurred after the patient had surgery, probably caused by a hospital-acquired infection.
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| pedi | foot:The patient required a pediluvium prior to his foot surgery. Meaning: The patient required a foot bath prior to his foot surgery.
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| spondyl | vertebra:The patient's scoliosis was caused by spondylolysis. Meaning: The patient's curvature of the spine was caused by a breaking down of the vertebrae structure.
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| cutis | skin:he injection site for the medication was through the subcutaneous tissue. Meaning: The injection site for the medication was under or below the skin.
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| dent | teeth:The gerontologist was amazed that the 110-year-old man was dentulous. Meaning: The doctor who treats older people was amazed that the old man had all his the natural teeth.
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| derma | skin:Years ago when the doctor could not find an intravenous site, she would give fluids by hypodermoclysis. Meaning: Years ago, when the doctor could not find a site within the vein, she would inject fluid below the skin and into the subcutaneous tissue.
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| hapsia | touch:The nurse said that the patient was complaining of poor parapsia. Meaning: The nurse said that the patient had a poor sensation of feeling.
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| odont | teeth:The dentist told the patient that he needed to go to an orthodontist for odontoplasty. Meaning: The tooth doctor told the patient that he needed to go to a bone and tooth doctor to reshape his tooth.
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| onco | tumor:The oncologist indicated to the patient that her tumor was benign. Meaning: The cancer doctor indicated that the abnormal lump of cells were not cancerous and would not spread.
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| onychia | nailbeds:The podiatrist told the patient that she had onychomycosis. Meaning: The foot doctor told the patient that she had nail fungus.
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| pedicular | lice:The pediatrician told the mother that she needed to use a pediculicide for her son's pediculosis. Meaning: The doctor who treats children told the mother that she needed a lice-destroying agent for her son's lice.
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| psora | itch:The customer was looking for a medicated shampoo for his psoriasis. Meaning: The customer was looking for a medicated shampoo to treat his itching scalp condition.
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| prurigo | itching:The dermatologist told the patient that he had developed a case of pruritis from contact with poison ivy. Meaning: The skin doctor told the patient he had a bad itching condition from contact with the poison ivy.
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| sarco | flesh:The oncologist told the patient that her sarcoma was getting worse. Meaning: The cancer doctor told the patient that her malignant (spreading) flesh cancer was getting worse.
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| sclero | hard:The cardiologist was treating the patient for arteriosclerosis. Meaning: The heart doctor was treating the patient for hardening of the arteries.
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| squama | scaly:The patient contracted Steven-Johnson's Syndrome, which affected the squamous cell tissue. Meaning: The patient contracted a severely inflamed allergic reaction, which affected the squamous tissue (which looks like scales up close).
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| tricho | hair:The patient's alopecia was due to her trichonosis. Meaning: The patient's hair loss was due to her diseased condition of the hair.
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| chole | bile:The doctor told the patient to reduce his fat intake because he had a cholecystectomy. Meaning: The doctor told the patient to reduce his fat intake because he had already had his gallbladder removed.
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| colon | large intestine:The patient needed to stay away from corn and peanuts due to her colitis. Meaning: The patient needed to stay away from corn and peanuts due to her inflammation of the large intestine.
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| emesis | vomiting:The Mallory-Weiss tear was causing the patient to experience a large amount of hematemesis. Meaning: The tear in the stomach lining, usually due to retching, was causing the patient to experience a large amount of blood in the vomit.
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| entero | intestine:The gastroenterologist was examining the patient for his stomach pains. Meaning: The doctor who takes care of the stomach and intestines was examining the patient for his stomach pains.
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| gastro | stomach:The patient needed to take antacid for her gastritis. Meaning: The patient needed to take antacid for her stomach inflammation. (Acid in the stomach that kills bacteria can sometimes be the culprit in gastritis.)
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| glosso | tongue:The patient bit his tongue so badly that he needed a glossorrhaphy. Meaning: The patient bit his tongue so badly that he needed a suture repair of the tongue.
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| hepat | liver:Too much alcohol can be hepatotoxic. Meaning: Too much alcohol can be toxic (poisonous) to the liver.
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| ile | ileum:Due to the patient's bowel obstruction, the doctor performed an ileostomy. Meaning: Due to the patient's blockage in the digestive system, the doctor made a surgical hole into the ileum of the small intestines.
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| laparo | abdomen:The doctor did not know what was wrong with the patient, so he did an exploratory laparotomy. Meaning: The doctor did not know what was wrong with the patient, so he surgically opened the abdomen to look around and see what's wrong.
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| myxo | mucus:The drainage had a myxoid appearance. Meaning: The drainage resembled mucous.
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| procto | anus:The proctologist ordered a barium enema for the patient. Meaning: The doctor who treats lower digestive tract diseases ordered an enema done in conjunction with an X ray.
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| pyloro | pylorus,gatekeeper:The patient had pyloristenosis. This is why he had to eat small amounts at each meal. Meaning: The patient narrowing of the pyloris, which controls food passing into the small intestines.
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| stoma | opening,mouth:The stoma to the colostomy was a bright red color. Meaning: The entrance into the surgical hole that led into the large intestines was a bright red color.
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| viscero | body organs:The disease was causing the patient to have visceromegaly. Meaning: The disease was causing the patient to have an enlargement of the body organs, particularly in the abdomen.
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| angio | vesselThe radiologist performed an angiogram on the lady with the pain in her leg. Meaning: The X ray doctor looked at a blood vessel through X ray by inserting a special dye into the vein.
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| aortal | aorta,main artery:The patient almost died from a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Meaning: The patient almost died from a ruptured bulge in the heart vessel that travels through the stomach area.
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| arterio | artery:The patient had a myocardial infarction due to his arteriostenosis. Meaning: The patient had a heart attack due to the narrowing in his artery.
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| atria | atrium auricle,heart chamber:Blood flows from the atrium to the ventricle through the atrioventricular valve. Meaning: Blood flows from the upper portion of the heart to the lower portion of the heart through the atrioventricular valve.
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| cardio | heart:The cardiologist wanted to perform a stress test on the patient. Meaning: The heart doctor wanted to exercise the patient while monitoring the heart.
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| emboli | vessel obstruction:The surgeon performed an embolectomy on the patient's leg. Meaning: The surgeon removed a vessel obstruction from the patient's leg.
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| emia | blood:The patient needed a blood transfusion due to his anemia. Meaning: The patient needed a blood transfusion due to his low red blood cell count. (Anemia literally means without blood or, in this case, lack thereof.)
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| hema,hemo | blood:The hematology lab work was still pending. Meaning: The blood tests were not yet available.
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| phleb | vein:The patient suffered phlebitis due to an IV infiltration. Meaning: The patient suffered from an inflammation of a vein because the intravenous fluid was infusing into the tissue rather than the vein.
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| thrombo | blood clot:The bypass patient suffered an adverse thrombogenic reaction due to the heparin. Meaning: The medication heparin did the opposite of what it was supposed to do (keep blood from clotting) and actually caused the blood to clot
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| varico | varicose veins:The patient had a varicotomy performed on her varicose veins. Meaning: The patient had her varicose veins removed.
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| vaso | blood vessel:he cold weather caused vasoconstriction in the boy's lower extremities. Meaning: The cold weather caused a narrowing of the blood vessels in the boy's legs. (This is usually transient, or does not last.)
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| vena | vein:The superior vena cava empties into the right atrium. Meaning: The upper vena cava (the largest vein in the body) empties into the right atrium.
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| ventricu | heart cavity:Ventricular tachycardia is almost always a life-threatening situation. Meaning: When the ventricles of the heart beat fast and irregular, it is almost always a life-threatening situation.
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| broncho | bronchi,airway:The child stayed home from school because he had a bad case of bronchitis. Meaning: The child stayed home from school because he had a badly inflamed bronchus (which leads from the trachea, or windpipe, to the inner lungs).
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| cili | hairlike processes:The nasal airways are ciliated. Meaning: Hair grows in your nose.
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| ectasis | expansion:The patient was experiencing atelectasis due to her pneumonia. Meaning: The patient could not adequately expand her lungs.
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| laryngo | larynx,voice box:The patient went into laryngospasms when the doctor tried to intubate. Meaning: The patient's larynx passage went into spasms and closed when the doctor tried to insert an artificial airway into the air passage.
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| naso | nose:The patient pulled out his nasogastric tube. Meaning: The patient pulled out the tube that goes through the nose down the back of the throat and into the stomach.
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| oro | mouth:The patient pulled out his oropharyngeal airway. Meaning: The patient pulled out the J-shaped piece of plastic that helps keep the airway open by suppressing the tongue.
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| oxy | oxygen,keen:The respiratory patient was well oxygenated. Meaning: The patient was getting adequate oxygen to his bloodstream.
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| pector | breast,chest:The chest compressions should be just above the bottom of the pectus. Meaning: The chest compressions should be just above the bottom of the sternum or breastbone.
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| pleura | rib side:The patient was suffering from a very painful pleurisy. Meaning: The patient was suffering from a very painful rub along the lining of the lung.
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| pneumo | lung:A pneumogram was ordered to check for pulmonary emboli. Meaning: A lung scan checking blood vessels to the lung was ordered to look for obstructions.
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| pytsis | to spit:The match was called because of the boxer's hemoptysis. Meaning: The match was called because of the boxer spitting up blood.
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| pulmo | lungs:The pulmonologist said that the lungs were just fine. Meaning: The respiratory (lung) doctor said the lungs were just fine.
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| rhin | nose:The patient's allergies were responsible for the rhinitis. Meaning: The patient's allergies were responsible for the runny nose (which is actually inflammation of the nose).
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| tracheo | trachea,windpipe:The patient required a tracheotomy in order to breath more easily. Meaning: The patient required a procedure where a hole is cut into the throat and on into the trachea in order to create an open airway.
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| creatinine | a waste material in urine:The doctor was concerned about the patient's creatinemia. Meaning: The doctor was concerned about the patient's abnormal concentrations of creatine in peripheral blood.
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| cysto | bladder:A cystoscopy was ordered for the patient with poor bladder retention. Meaning: A study of the bladder was ordered because the patient could not hold his urine.
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| glomerulo | nephron part, little ball:The patient was diagnosed by the renal specialist with glomerulonephritis. Meaning: The kidney specialist said the patient had an inflammation of the filters in the kidney.
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| nephro | kidney:The nephrologist told the family that the patient would need dialysis. Meaning: The kidney doctor told the family that the patient would need his blood cleaned because his kidneys were bad.
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| peritoneo | lining of the abdominal organs:The patient experienced peritonitis after the surgical repair of her bladder. Meaning: The patient experienced inflammation of the lining of the abdominal (belly) organs after the surgical repair of her bladder.
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| pyelo | pelvis:The patient was diagnosed with pyelonephritis by the nephrologist. Meaning: The kidney doctor determined that the patient had an inflammmation of the kidney and pelvis.
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| reni | kidney:The patient was suffering portal hypertension due to poor renovascularization. Meaning: The patient had high blood pressure due to poor blood flow through the kidneys.
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| uretero | ureter:The patient required a ureterocolic anastomosis for lesions of the lower urinary tract. Meaning: The patient required surgery that would join the ureter and the colon to treat the lesions of the lower urinary tract.
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| urehtro | urethra:The physician performed a urethrocystometrography on the patient. Meaning: The physician performed a test to measure and study the patient's urethra and bladder.
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| uri | urine:The patient was referred to the psychiatrist for his condition of uriposia. Meaning: The patient was referred to the psychiatrist for his condition of urine drinking.
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| uric | pertaining to urine:The doctor was puzzled as to the cause of the patient's uricosuric condition. Meaning: The doctor was puzzled as to the cause of the patient's increased production of uric acid.
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| urina | urine:The doctor ordered a urinalysis for the patient complaining of painful urination. Meaning: The doctor ordered a lab study of the urine for the patient complaining of painful urination.
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| uro | urine:The patient was placed in the critical care unit as a result of her urosepsis. Meaning: The patient was placed in the critical care unit because her urinary infection had advanced into the bloodstream.
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| bulbo | bulblike,bulbourethral gland:The patient was diagnosed with bulbitis. Meaning: The patient was diagnosed with an inflammation of the bulbourethral gland.
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| cervi | neck,uterus:The patient is recovering from her cervicectomy. Meaning: The patient is waiting to become stable after the surgical removal of the neck of her uterus.
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| galacto | milk:The mother of the 12-month-old baby was complaining of galactorrhea. Meaning: The mother of the 12-month-old baby was complaining of continued discharge of milk. (This involves mothers whose babies have been weaned from the breast.)
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| genito | reproductive system:The patient's genital warts were exacerbated through stress. Meaning: Sexually transmitted disease warts in the groin region worsened because of stress.
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| hyster | uterus:The doctor told the patient that she had hysteratresia. Meaning: The doctor told the patient that she had an abnormal opening into the uterus.
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| lactin | milk:The mother was told to stop nursing her baby because the infant was lactimorbus. Meaning: The mother had to stop giving her baby fresh milk because the milk was making the baby sick.
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| mast | breast:The breast biopsy indicates that the patient may need a mastectomy. Meaning: The removal of breast tissue (flesh) for examination indicated that the patient may need breast removal.
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| metr | uterus:The patient's metrorrhagia may be caused by a possible miscarriage. Meaning: The patient's abnormal bleeding from the uterus may be caused by a possible miscarriage.
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| natal | born:The doctor told the pregnant teenager that she needed to take her prenatal vitamins. Meaning: The doctor told the pregnant teenager that she needed to take her before-birth vitamins.
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| oophoro | ovary:The patient was diagnosed with oophorocystosis. Meaning: The patient had an ovarian cyst (tumor) formation.
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| orchido | testicle:The cancer patient required an orchiectomy. Meaning: The cancer patient required the surgical removal of the testicles.
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| ova,ovi,ovo | female sex cell, egg:The patient was told that she might not be able to have children due to her poor oviferous condition. Meaning: The patient was told she might not be able to have children because her egg could not move from the ova to the uterus.
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| salping | tube,fallopian:The doctor performed a salpingostomy in order to remove the ectopic pregnancy. Meaning: The doctor made an opening into the fallopian tube to remove the fertilized egg that didnt advance to the uterus and is growing within a fallopian tube.
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| sperma,spermato | seed:The young woman was using a spermacide during intercourse. Meaning: The young woman was using an agent that kills sperm during sexual relations.
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| vas | duct,vessel:The judge recommended that the "deadbeat dad," who had children from several mothers, get a vasectomy. Meaning: The judge recommended that the dad who didn't pay child support get a surgical cut of the vas deferens.
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| audio | sound:The audiologist was going to test the student's hearing. Meaning: The hearing specialist was going to test the student's hearing.
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| cerebro | brain:The doctor ordered a culture and sensitivity on the cerebrospinal fluid. Meaning: The doctor ordered tests for the presence of bacteria and what antibiotics would kill the bacteria on the brain and spinal fluid.
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| encephalo | brain:The patient's encephalopathy was getting worse. Meaning: The patient's brain disease was getting worse.
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| esthesia | sensation:The doctor ordered anesthesia for the surgery. Meaning: The doctor ordered medication that would cause the patient to not feel anything during the surgery.
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| medulla | brain middle:The medulla oblongata is a part of the brain. Meaning: Medulla means middle and is used in reference to many parts of the body.
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| meningo | membranes,spinal cord:The baby was born with a myelomeningocele. Meaning: The baby was born with a protrusion of the spinal cord through the vertebral column.
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| neuro | nerves:The doctor ordered a neuromuscular blocking agent for the combative ventilator patient. Meaning: The doctor ordered a muscle and nerve blocking agent for the combative patient who was on an artificial breathing machine.
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| occiput | back of skull:The patient had an occipitotemporal fracture. Meaning: The patient had a break in the occiput and temporal regions of the skull.
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| oculo | eye:he oculomotor function of the car accident victim was working just fine. Meaning: The eye movement capability of the car accident victim was working just fine.
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| ophthalmo | eye: The ophthalmologist told the client that he needed glasses. Meaning: The eye specialist told the client that he needed glasses.
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| oto | ear:The EENT specialist told the patient that the ringing in her ear was a condition called otitis media. Meaning: The eyes, ears, nose, and throat doctor told the patient that the ringing in her ear was caused by middle-ear inflammation.
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| parietes | parietal,wall part: The patient had a parieto-occipital fracture. Meaning: The patient had a break in the occiput and parietal regions of the skull.
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| pons | bridges:The pons varolii is a part of the brain stem near the medulla oblongata. Meaning: The pons varolii is where the cranial nerves originate in the brain stem near the medulla oblongata.
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| tempora | temporal:he neurologist said the brain injury occurred in the temporopontine region. Meaning: The nerve doctor said the injury was in the temporal and pons regions of the brain.
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