NUHS PHYS CH3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cell containing a membrane-enclosed nucleus with genetic material; plant and animal cells | Eukaryotic cell
🗑
|
||||
| Cells such as bacteria that do not contain their genetic info w/in a membrane-enclosed nucleus | Prokaryotic cell
🗑
|
||||
| Membrane that forms outer surface of cell and separates cell's contents from extracellular fluid | Plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| membrane bound compartment, along with some particles and filaments that perform specialized functions in cell | Cell Organelles
🗑
|
||||
| large membrane bound organelle that contains cell's DNA; primary function is the storage & transmission of the genetic info to the next generation of cells | Nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| region of cell interior outside of nucleus | Cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| Intracellular fluid that surrounds cell organelles and nucleus | Cytosol
🗑
|
||||
| performs a variety of functions, but most universal is to provide a selective barrier to the passage of molecules | Membranes
🗑
|
||||
| major component of cell membranes; this lipid is a Amphipathic molecule | Phospholipids
🗑
|
||||
| protein embedded in membrane lipid layer; may span entire membrane or be located at only one side | Integral membrane protein
🗑
|
||||
| hydrophilic proteins associated w/ cytoplasmic surface in the interior of the membrane | Peripheral membrane proteins
🗑
|
||||
| integral protein that spans the plasma membrane; often acts as a receptor or ion channel | Transmembrane protein
🗑
|
||||
| transmembrane protein in plasma membrane; binds to specific proteins in extracellular matrix and on adjacent cells to help organize cells into tissues | Integrins
🗑
|
||||
| junction that holds two cells together; consists of plasma membranes junction of adjacent cells linked by fibers. hold adjacent cells firmly together in areas that are subject to considerable stretching, such as skin | Desmosomes
🗑
|
||||
| membrane junction in which extracellular surfaces of the plasma membrane of 2 adjacent cells are joined together so that no extracellular space remains between them and restricts molecule diffusion through space between cells | Tight junctions
🗑
|
||||
| membrane junction that creates protein channels linking cytosol of adjacent cells; allows ions and small molecules to flow between cytosols of the connected cells | Gap junctions
🗑
|
||||
| Double membrane surrounding cell nucleus | Nuclear envelope
🗑
|
||||
| opening in nuclear envelope through which molecular messengers pass between nucleus and cytoplasm | Nuclear pores
🗑
|
||||
| particular steroid (lipid) molecule which makes up 25% of cell membranes | Cholesterol
🗑
|
||||
| fine network of threads made up of DNA & nuclear proteins; principal component of chromosomes | Chromatin
🗑
|
||||
| highly coiled, condensed form of chromatin formed in cell nucleus during mitosis and meiosis forming rod like bodies | Chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| densely staining nuclear region containing portions of DNA that code for ribosomal proteins | Nucleolus
🗑
|
||||
| cells which has no nucleus or organelles | Red blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| cells which have multiple nuclei | Skeletal muscle cells
🗑
|
||||
| protein factories of a cell; site of protein synthesis from amino acids, may be either free in cytosol or attached to endoplasmic reticulum | Ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| cell organelle that consists of interconnected network of membrane-bound branch tubules & flattened sacs; 2 types, rough; with ribosomes attached to synthesize protein, smooth; (no ribosomes attached) synthesizes lipids & detoxifies certain molecules | Endoplasmic reticulum
🗑
|
||||
| cell organelle consisting of flattened membranous sacs; usually near nucleus; processes newly synthesized proteins for secretion or distribution to other organelles | Golgi apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| membrane bound vesicle produced by Golgi apparatus; contain protein to be secreted by cell | Secretory vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| cellular taxis that sorts & distributes vesicles | Endosomes
🗑
|
||||
| oval shaped body surrounded by "2" membranes; site of production of most ATP during cellular respiration | Mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| cell organelle containing digestive enzymes in a highly acidic solution that break down bacteria, debris from dead cells, & or damaged cell organelles | Lysosomes
🗑
|
||||
| cell organelle that makes or disposes of hydrogen peroxide | Peroxisome
🗑
|
||||
| cytoplasmic filametous network which maintains the cell shape and provide cell movements; includes 3 types of protein filaments; microfilaments(actin), intermediate filaments, microtubules (cilia) | Cytoskeleton
🗑
|
||||
| hairlike extension on epithelial cells to propel material along epithelial surface | Cilia
🗑
|
||||
| unit of hereditary information; portion of DNA containing information req'd to determine a protein's amino acid sequence | Gene (20-25K genes in humans)
🗑
|
||||
| complete set of an organism's genes | Genome
🗑
|
||||
| Gene code is Universal, there are "3" Stop Codes, BUT only "1" Start Code | Universal genetic code for Methionine; A-U-G; "Start Code"
🗑
|
||||
| any change in base sequence of DNA that changes genetic information | Mutation (3 types)
🗑
|
||||
| the process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA in the nucleus | Transcription
🗑
|
||||
| the process that used the coded information in RNA to assemble a protein in the cytoplasm | Translation
🗑
|
||||
| ribonucleic acid that transfers genetic information for a protein's amino acid sequence from DNA to ribosome | Messenger RNA
🗑
|
||||
| enzyme that forms RNA by joining together appropriate nucleotides after they have base-paired to DNA | RNA polymerase
🗑
|
||||
| specific sequence of DNA nucleotide at the beginning of gene that controls the initiation of gene Transcription; determines which of the paired strands of DNA is transcribed into RNA template strand | Promoter
🗑
|
||||
| small intracellular peptide that attaches to proteins and directs them to proteasomes | Ubiquitin
🗑
|
||||
| a complex of proteins capable of denaturing (unfolding) other proteins and assisting in protein degradation | Proteasome
🗑
|
||||
| initial portion of newly synthesized protein (if protein is destined for secretion out of the cell) | Signal sequence
🗑
|
||||
| any molecule or ion that binds to protein surface by non covalent bonds (reversible) | Ligand
🗑
|
||||
| region of a protein to which a specific ligand binds | Binding site
🗑
|
||||
| selectivity; ability of binding site to react with only one, or limited # of molecules | Chemical Specificity
🗑
|
||||
| strength with which ligand binds to its binding site (can be high or low) | Affinity
🗑
|
||||
| refers to the fraction of total binding sites that are occupied by ligands at any given time | Saturation
🗑
|
||||
| ability of similar molecules to combine with the same binding site or receptor | Competition
🗑
|
||||
| alteration of a protein's shape, and therefore its function, by the covalent binding of various chemical groups to it | Covalent modulation (ex: Stereo's on/off switch)
🗑
|
||||
| addition of phosphate group to an organic molecule | Phosphorylation
🗑
|
||||
| any enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins by transferring to them a phosphate group from ATP | Protein kinase (ex: turns stereo on)
🗑
|
||||
| any enzyme that removes phosphate from protein | Phosphoprotein phosphatase (ex: turns stereo off)
🗑
|
||||
| control of protein binding site preoperties by modulator molecules that bind to regions of the protein other than the binding site altered by them | Allosteric modulation (ex: stereo's volume)
🗑
|
||||
| ligand that, by action at an allosteric regulatory site, alters properties of other binding sites on a protein and thus regulates its functional activity | Modulator molecule
🗑
|
||||
| site on protein that interacts with modulator molecule; alters functional site properties | Regulatory site
🗑
|
||||
| binding site on allosteric protein that when activated, carries out protein's physiological function; also called active site | Functional site
🗑
|
||||
| chemical reactions that occur in living organisms | Metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| the synthesis of organic molecules by cells | Anabolism
🗑
|
||||
| the breakdown of organic molecules by cells | Catabolism
🗑
|
||||
| chemical reaction in which energy release is small enough for reverse reaction to occur readily | Reversible reaction
🗑
|
||||
| chemical reaction that releases large quantities of energy and results in almost all reactant molecules being converted to product | Irreversible reaction
🗑
|
||||
| maxim that an increase in reactant concentration causes a chemical reaction to proceed in direction of product formation | Law of mass action
🗑
|
||||
| protein molecule, acts as protein catalyst that accelerates specific chemical reactions but does not itself undergo net chemical change during reaction | Enzyme (~2000 different enzymes in a typical cell)
🗑
|
||||
| substance that binds to a specific region of an enzyme & is necessary for the enzyme's activity | Cofactor
🗑
|
||||
| sequence of enzyme-mediated chemical reactions by which molecules are synthesized and broken down in cells | Metabolic pathway
🗑
|
||||
| metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to 2 molecules of pyruvate(aerobically, with O2) or 2 molecules of lactate (anaerobically, lack of O2) | Glycolysis
🗑
|
||||
| mitochondrial metabolic pathway that utilizes fragments derived from carbs, proteins, and fat breakdown, & produces CO2, H, & small amounts of ATP | Krebs Cycle
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jhanson79
Popular Physiology sets