vocab.
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| 1. Feudalism | -politics loyalty and military service
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| 2. Manorialism | economic, economy, land makes food.
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| 3. A Vassal | -some1 that owes work to some1 else
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| 4. Serf | -not a slave “bound in service to the land that he lives”
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| 5. Pope Blessed Urban II | (ca.1035 – 29 July 1099), was Pope from 12 March 1088 until his death. He is most known for starting the First Crusade (1095–99) and setting up the modern day Roman Curia, in the manner of a royal court, to help run the Church.
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| 6. Crusades | were a series of religiously-sanctioned military campaigns waged by much of Latin Christian Europe, particularly the Franks of France and the Holy Roman Empire. The specific crusades to restore Christian control of the Holy Land were fought over a period
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| 7. Bubonic plague | is the best known manifestation of the bacterial disease plague, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis the Black Death that swept through Europe in the 1340s, killing tens of millions.
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| 8.Viking | is one of the Norse (Scandinavian) explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the late eighth to the early eleventh century.
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| 9. Magna Carta, | (the Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English legal charter, originally issued in the year 1215. It was written in Latin and is known by its Latin name. Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (pertaining to freemen), respe
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| 10. The Hundred Years' War | -was a series of separate wars lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne, which was vacant with the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings.
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| 11. The Wars of the Roses | -were a series of dynastic civil wars between supporters of the rival houses of Lancaster and York, for the throne of England. They are generally accepted to have been fought in several spasmodic episodes between 1455 and 1485 The war ended with the victo
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| 12. Lancaster (red)/York (white) | The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars between supporters of the rival houses of Lancaster and York, for the throne of England.
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| 13. The Battle of Bosworth Field | was the penultimate battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the House of Lancaster and the House of York that raged across England in the latter half of the 15th century. Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by the Lancastrians. The
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| 14. Henry VII | -28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty. He was the last English king to win his throne on the fiel
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| 15. Richard III | (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field was the decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses
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| 16. Muhammad | is the founder of the religion of Islam. At age 40, in the month of Ramadan, where he received his first revelation from God.
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| 17. Islam | meaning “submission”. The religion founded by the prophet Muhammad.
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| 18. Mecca | is the holiest meeting site of the Islamic religion, closely followed by Medina. The city is modern, cosmopolitan and while being closed to non-Muslims, is nonetheless ethnically diverse.
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| 19. Bedouins | -???
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| 20. Medina | -“The City of the Prophet” in which Muhammad fled to after leaving Mecca.
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| 21. The Kaaba | is a black meteorite and is the most sacred site in Islam “The Shrine”.
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| 22. The Five Pillars of Islam | - is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Sunni Muslim. These duties are Shahadah (profession of faith), Salah (prayers), Zakat (giving of alms).
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| 23. Sunnis | -are followers of the dominant Islam group.
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| 24. Shiites | -The followers of Shia Islam are called Shi'as but are also known as Shiites or Shi'ites.
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| 25. Renaissance | - European 1300 thru rebirth of roman Era brought by the crusades. Begins in Italy.
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| 26. Venice/Florence | - Florence, Queen city of renaissance, center of banking & shipping, wealthy fam that want art.
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| 27. Machiavelli | - was an Italian philosopher/writer, wrote the prince in latin died 1527, book published in 1532. he thought he would get in trouble. its a guide for a ruler.
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| 28. Humanism | -moral philosophy life could be better every soul is worthy.
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| 29. Petrarch | -was an Italian scholar, wrote poetry in italian when everything else was written in latin. the earliest Renaissance humanists. Petrarch is often called the "Father of Humanism"
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| 30. Leonardo da Vinci | -designed weapons, studied anotomy, cut open bodies, started many projects never finished died in france.
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| 31. Michelangelo | -6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564 most known for PIETA sculpture he was painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer.
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| 32. Johann Gutenberg | -1398 - February 3, 1468 was a German goldsmith and printer who is credited with being the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439, and the global inventor of the mechanical printing press
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| 33. Sir Thomas More | -7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535 also known as Saint Thomas More,wrote Utopia (perfect society) arch bishop in canteberry, england. beheaded for not agreeing with king Hanrey VIII
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| 34. William Shakespeare | -26 April 1564 -23 April 1616 wrote poems & plays, made english the main language.
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| 35. Miguel de Cervantes | -September 29, 1547 – April 23, 1616 he was a Spanish novelist,creates concept of the novel. creates donkey hou te'
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| 36. Reformation | -was the European Christian reform movement that established Protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary Christianity respect for chirch was lost, learning went up and priests went down.
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| 37. Great Schism | -(aka the Western Schism) was a split of church within the Roman Catholic Church rome and france had a pope
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| 38. Simony | -the ecclesiastical crime of paying for holy offices or church sold positions of work
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| 39. Indulgences | -idea from church to make $, selling pospimus salvation. if some1 died on bad terms you could pay for church to pray so they would reach heaven.
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| 40. 95 Thesis | -written by Martin Luther(priest in germany converted latin bible to german. thought chirches were wrong about indulgances.
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| 42. John Calvin | -10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564 was an influential French theologian and pastor helped spread rreformation.
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| 43. King Henry VIII | -28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547 was King of England wrote great works against luther was on thrown for almost 20 yrs had anollment.
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| 44. Catherine of Aragon | -Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII of England.
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| 45. Anglican Church | -an international association of national Anglican churches. eventually becomes more prtotestant.
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| 46. Henry the Navigator | -4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460 was a prince of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations. The third child of King John I of Port
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| 47. Caravel | -a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean
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| 48. Astrolabe | -is an historical astronomical instrument used by classical astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars & determining local time
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| 49. Vasco da Gama | -was a Portuguese explorer, first portuguese ship to sail to india in 1499.
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| 50. Christopher Columbus | -1451 – 20 May 1506was italian 1492 navigator, colonizer, and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. "New World".
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| 51. Ferdinand Magellan | -1480 – April 27, 1521 was a Portuguese explorer. He was born at Sabrosa, in northern Portugal, and later obtained Spanish nationality, became one of the first explorers to cross all of the meridians of the globe.
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| 52. John Cabot | -1450 – c. 1508 was an Italian navigator and explorer sent to new world by Henry VII for england.
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| 53. Jacques Cartier | -was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France.
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| 54. Mercantilism | -exploration, colonialization, trade with east, leads to comercial revolution.an economic theory that holds the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable."
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| 55. Commercial Revolution | -a period of European economic expansion,exploration, trade with east, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the sixteenth century until the early eighteenth century.
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