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Nose, Perioral Region, Oral Cavity and Neck

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Question
Answer
In a Nose exam what 5 things are assessed?   Size relative to face, Symmetry/position, Growth in three dimensions, Firmness, and objective measures  
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Deformations of the Nose caused by?   Oligohydramnios, Multiples, Uterine abnormalities, Fetal positioning.  
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Disruptions of the Nose caused by?   Amniotic bands  
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Dysplasias of the Nose can cause?   Coarsening - Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome Flat/low nasal bridge - achondroplasia Prominent nose - Seckel syndrome Short nose/ anteverted nares - Stickler  
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Malformations of the Nose?   Holoprosencephaly - Incomplete division of the forebrain into hemisphers. Frontonasal dysplasia - defect in midface development. Nasal pit, Anterior encephalocele, Choanal atresia/stenosis  
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Hallerman-Streiff syndrome features   thin, small pointed nose.  
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Robinow syndrome features   fetal face, short nose anteverted nares  
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A VCFS 22q11.2 nose?   Columnar nose (narrow nose, squared nasal root)  
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Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome   "pear-shaped" nose. Hair Nose Fingers.  
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Rubenstein-Taybi features   prominent nose, short columella, deviated septum  
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Binder syndrome features   Hypoplastic nose, coanal atresia  
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Perioral Region exam, 4 things examined?   Size, symmetry, contour, and Lateral Inspection.  
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Retrognathia   Overbite  
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Prognathia   Jutting Mandible  
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Mandibular Hypoplasia   Small mandibular development. Most Common abnormality. Deformational or Malformational  
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Disruptions of the Perioral region   Amniotic bands  
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Dysplasias of the Perioral Region   Prominent lips, Angiofibromas, Macrognathia  
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Malformations of the Perioral Region   Cleft Lip, Median cleft, Truemacrostomia, Micrognathia, Lower Lip pits.  
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Oral Cavity examination looks for what 5 things   Anatomy, Teeth, Palate shape, Tongue size, Palate movement/submucosal cleft  
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Disruptions of the Oral Cavity   Amniotic Bands  
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Deformations of the Oral Cavity   Persistence of the secondary alveolar ridge, U-shaped palate  
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Dysplasias of the Oral Cavity   Pigmented macules, Enamel hypoplasia, Oligo/anodontia, V-shaped palate.  
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Malformations of the Oral Cavity   Microglossia, Macroglossia, Asymmetry of tongue, Lobulated tongue, Cleft palate, Bifid uvula, submucosal cleft palate.  
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Cricoid Cartilage   Adam's Apple  
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Which 3 arches give rise to the development of the neck.   2nd, 3rd, 4th.  
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Atlas, Axis and occipital condyles?   Fit together to have a place for the skull to sit.  
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What are the 3 landmarks of the neck   Thyroid cartilage, suprasternal notch, clavicle  
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What syndrome has axial and atlas insufficiency?   Down syndrome.  
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4 examination techniques of the Neck   Inspection/obervation, Neck motility, Palpation, Auscultation  
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Deformations of the neck   Redundant neck skin, Torticollis, Lateral Neck webbing.  
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2 syndromes with neck webbing?   Noonan and Turners  
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Disruptions of the neck   Amniotic bands and umbilical cord.  
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Dysplasias of the neck   Thyroid enlargement, Absence of thyroid, Hypoplasia/aplasia of the thymus and parathyroid glands.  
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Name the 1 syndrome we talked about in regard to the dysplasia of the neck   DiGeorge syndrome - Failure of tissue differentiation in the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch  
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Malformations of the neck   Short neck, neck pterygia (Escobar), Branchial arch remnants, Thyroglossal duct cysts or sinus.  
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