Organic Solvents
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| Alkanes to Alkyl Halides | Light AND (Br2 or CL2)
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| Alkyl Halides to Alkynes | Strong BASE
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| Alkynes to trans alkene | Two steps: 1) Na Metal/Liquid NH3 2) Water
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| alkynes to cis alkene | H2/lindar catalyst
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| Alkynes to alkanes | H2/ pt metal
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| Alkynes to more complicated alkynes | Two steps 1)Na+ Nh2- 2)R-x
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| Alkyl halides to Grinard or Organolithium reagents | Mg metal, 2 Li metal
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| From organolithium reagents to carbon sigma bonds via Sn2 ractions | R-X
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| Alkyl Halides to Alkenes | Elimination with KoTBU
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| Alkenes to Epoxides | mCPBA
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| Epoxides to 1,2-trans diols | 1)OH- 2)Dilute Acid
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| Expoxides to 1,2 trans substituted alcohols | 1) Nucleophile opens ring 2) negative on O of ring nutrilized with dilute acid
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| Alkenes to Cis diols | KMnO4 (cold) and NaOH
OsO4 and NaOH
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| Alkenes to Alkanes | H2 (pt)
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| Alkenes to alcohols | H2SO4 and H2O
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| Alcohols to alkenes | H3PO4 (heat)
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| Alkenes to Alkyl Halides via Markov | H-Br, elimination
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| Alkenes to alkyl halides via anti-markov | Light, H-Br, Benzoyl Peroxide
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| Alkenes to Trans 1,2-bromo alcohols | 1) BR2 2) Water 3)Br takes H of water
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| Alkenes to Trans 1,2-cyano bromides | 1)Br2 2)CN-
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| Alkenes to trans 1,2-dibromides | Br2
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| Alkenes to anti-markov addition of water | 1) Add BH3 2)Add hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
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| Alkenes to markov addition of water | 1) Water 2)strong acid H2SO4
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| What's an alternative solvent to change from epoxides to Trans diols? | Hydronium Ion (H3O+)
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| What is needed to get from primary alcohols to Aldehydes? | PDC or PCC
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| Aldehydes to carboxyllic acids? | KMnO4
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| Primary alcohols to carboxyllic acids? | KMnO4
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| Secondary alcohols to Ketones? | PDC, PCC, KMnO4
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| Tertiary alcohols to anything? | No reaction!!!
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