Darwin and Evolution
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| What was Darwin's last inference about evolution? What is this inference known as? | Individuals do not evolve, populations evolve--known as microevolution
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| What is Modern Evolutionary Synthesis: | Integration of evidence and concepts from many filds to support our understanding of evolution
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| What became the new definition of evolution? | Change in allele frequencies over time
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| Gene: | Codes for protein, made of DNA
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| Population: | A group of individuals of same species, living in same area, and mate w/in the same population
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| Gene Pool: | All genes in a population
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| Allele: | Gene, 2 alleles per gene
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| Dominant Allele: | Covers up recessive allele
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| Carrier: | Heterozygote
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| Genotype: | Type of gene, types of alleles
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| Phenotype: | observable characteristics
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| What are the symbols for ALLELE frequencies? | P=dominant allele q=recessive allele p+q=1
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| What are the symbols for GENOTYPE frequencies? | P squared=homo dominant, q squared, homo recessive 2pq = heterozygote p2+2pq+q2 = 1
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| What causes cystic fibrosis? | Recessive allele
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| What is the hardy-weinberg model? | Description of what a population looks like if evolution is not happening
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| What is assumed about allele frequencies in the HWmodel? | They don't change from generation to generation cause the population is in equillibrium
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| How many assumptions are there for the HW model? | 5
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| What are teh assumptions? | No natural selection, net mutation=0, no gene flow through migration, no genetic drift, mating is random
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| What does genetic drift mean? | no random changes in allele frequencies
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| When is genetic drift more likely to occur? | In small populations
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| What are some of the ways to get a smaller population? | Bottleneck and founder effect
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| Bottle-necking event: | A decrease in population size, with random survivors
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| What is the founder effect? | When a small population relocates to a new area. The allele frequencies of new population may be different from original population
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| What are the two conditions that cause the genetic change? | More likely in small populations, occurs at random
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| What hardy weinberg abbreviation is used to represent the frequency of individuals that are homozygous for the recessive allele? | q2
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