Ears and Eyes
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| First Branchial arch | Tragus and anti-tragus
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| Second Branchial arch | Everything else
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| Six Hillocks of Hiss | The pieces which come together to form the outer ear.
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| Preauricular pits | Branchio-oto-renal syndrome. Can be an indicator of ear problems
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| Preauricular tags | Extra skin near the opening of the ear.
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| Darwinian tubercles | Medically insignificant. Small protrusion on the helix of auricle
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| Mozart ear | May be a part of: CHARGE syndrome, T18 and Deletion 18q.
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| Ear lobe creases | Clinically most significant. Beckwith Weidemann syndrome.
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| Crytotia | Hidden ear
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| Auricular muscle defects | lop, protruding and cup shaped
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| Anotia | Absence of ear
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| Microtia | Small ear
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| Hearing loss may be attributed to: | Canal atresia and 1st/2nd arch defects.
OAV spectrum most important condition.
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| Investigate Microtia | Test hearing, Renal ultrasound and X-ray cervical spine
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| Stahl Ear | Crumpled ear - Abnormal and distinctive fold of the helix.
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| Beals syndrome | crumpled ear with joint contractures and camptodactyly
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| Treacher Collins | Malformed auricles, Conductive deafness, Malar hypoplasia, Down slanting palpebral fissures.
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| The 5 steps of assessing ear dysmorphology | 1) Note ear differences
2) Name said differences
3) Check hearing
4) Determine if there are any other problems with the spine, kidney and heart.
5) Look at the rest of the head for any mid-line defects.
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| 4 wks gestation of the Eye | Start of eye development
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| 7 wks gestation of the Eye | see lens, sclera, pigmented choroids layers and iris.
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| 15 wks gestation of the Eye | cornea, retina and optic nerve.
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| Hypermetropia | Long-sightedness - Can't see near objects
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| Myopic | Short-sightedness - Power of the eyes it too great for the length. Image is in front of the retina.
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| Inspection of the eye includes: | Sclera, Iris, Cornea, Lens, Pupil, Extraocular movements, and red reflex.
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| Spectrum variants in eyes | astigmatism, blue sclera, eye pigment change from infancy
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| Minor Anomalies of the eye includes? | Iris colobomas, iris pigmentation, brushfield spots.
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| Eye Deformations | tumors
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| Disruptions of the eye | Retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma
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| Dysplasias of the eye | Cataract, Corneal opactities, Albinism, Lisch nodules
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| Malformations of eye - conception to gestional week 5. | Anophthalmos, microphthalmos, synophthalmos/cyclopia, ocular coloboma
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| Malformations of eye - weeks 6 - 12. | Optic nerve hypoplasia
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| Malformations of eye - weeks 13 - 26 | aniridia, dislocation of the lens, cryptophthalmos
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| Malformations of eye - weeks 27 through birth | epibulbar dermoids
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| exotropia | outward/divergence of the eye
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| esotropia | inward/convergence of the eye
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| esophoria | inward drifting eye
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| exophoria | outward drifting eye
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| What is the Periocular Region | structure that surrounds, supports, and protects the optic globe
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| Landmarks of Periocular Region | orbits, palpebral fissure, inner/medial canthus, outer/lateral canthus, eylashes, eyelids, eyebrows, and nasolacrimal ducts.
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| Inspection of the Periocular Region | Spacing of the orbits, configuration of the lids, brows, and lashes and ptosis
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| Minor Varients of Periocular region | Racial and familial variants, inner epicanthic fold, almond-shaped eyes, synophrys, and lashes
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| Minor Anomalies of the Periocular region | Lacrimal duct stenosis or atresia
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| Deformations of the Periocular Region | Asymmetry of the orbits, Enophthalmia, Exophthalmia
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| Disruptions of the Periocular Region | Amniotic Bands
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| Malformations of the Periocular Region | Ocular hypertelorism, Ocular Hypotelorism, telecanthus, eyelid clefts, ectropion, blepharophimosis, short palpebral fissures.
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