OGT Social Studies 66 General Cards Industrialization
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| initiative | the right for citizens to propose a new law or get rid of an existing law through a vote
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| Knights of Labor | an early labor union (1869) which allowed African Americans, unskilled workers and women into its group
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| mass production | the making of goods in large amounts, often using an assembly line
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| migrant | a person who moves; one who moves within his own country
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| Populist Movement | a political movement in the United States during the 1890's. It called for reforms that would help farmer and workers
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| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | a group of labor unions that first joined together in 1886 to fight for better job conditions.
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| assembly_line | mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it
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| agriculture | farming; the science of growing crops and raising farm animals
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| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | a group of labor unions that first joined together in 1886 to fight for better job conditions
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| blue-collar worker | someone from the working class, often a factory worker or person who does heavy work or works with his/her hands
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| capitalism (capitalist) | an economic system in which businesses have private owners who make or sell goods for their own profit or for the profit of their shareholders
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| collective bargaining | negotiations or talks between a company and a union concerning wages, hours, and working conditions
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| communism | an economic system in which the businesses are owned and operated by the government; the government also decides what the workers will make
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| corporation | a business owned by stockholders who invest in the business and share in the profits
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| cottage industry | manufacturing goods in the home - in England prior to the IR, goods were bought in this type of industry
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| immigrant | a person who enters a country and makes it his home, often becoming a citizen of his new country
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| Industrialization | the growth of industry - effects all aspects of the ESP world
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| Urbanization | quick movement of people into the city in search of jobs
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| globalization | something that occurs all over the world - the idea that we are now connected with every country - we are more than a nation we are a world
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| Populism | agrarian (farmers) revolt; belief that ordinary people would be better at running the country than the rich and powerful
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| Progressivism | social and political movement with goal of: 1. fight corruption and big business 2. develop child labor legislation 3. protect the working class 4. provide education for all (build libraries)
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| Laissez faire | government's hands off policy that supports the idea that the economy must work as its own machine based on SUPPLY and DEMAND
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| social darwinism | survival of the fittest applied to human social life - justification for the poor, uneducated factory workers- later a justification for imperialism
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| Labor union | groups of workers who joined together to get better working conditions
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| modernization | the process of making something modern;up to date
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| Nativism | loyal to your nation or region
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| define muckrakers | journalists who exposed corruption in politics, business
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| define initiative | bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots
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| what job did most lower class women do for employment in the 1800s | they worked as butlers or in factories
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| 3 major leaders of the womens suffrage movement | Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Stanton, Lucy Stone
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| what corruption was exposed by the book The Jungle | unsanitary sickening conditions of the meatpacking industry
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| who was the first "modern president" who used the presidency as a "bully pulpit" | Theodore Roosevelt
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| what was the purpose of the Pure Food and Dug Act | all food and medicine must have labels
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| what presidential candidate in the election of 1912 was disliked the most by progressives | William Howard Taft
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| know your map about woman's suffrage | learn how to read maps on tests
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| what 3 things changed because of the assembly line | less hours, less pay, more stuff being made, less accidents
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| what was the purpose of the prohibition movement | it banned alcohol beverages - to try and bring morals into famillies and society
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| what groups pushed for prohibition? | women's temperence movements pushed for the 18th amendment
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| suffrage | right to vote
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| collective bargaining | process by which a labor representatives and employers reach an agreement
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| strikes | workers refuse to do their jobs until their demands are met (usually higher wages, shorter work day, and safer working conditions)
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| migration | moving from one place to another within a country HINT - birds migrate south, or north...they dont fly over to england
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| urbanization | growth of cities due to migration, immigration, and increased birth rate
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| New England | became the industrial center in the United States
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| cotton | this crop was the staple of the economy in the southern United States
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| cotton gin invention | done by Eli Whitney, allowed for faster proccess in getting cotton
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| globalization | Refers to the fact that the economies of all of the nations of the world are increasingly interconnected.
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| urbanization | The transition from a rural society to a predominantly urban (city) society.
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| progressivism | A political philosophy developed in the 1890's that represented the interest of the people over the interest of big business.
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| Industrial society | a society in which people make their living from the production of goods
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| INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION | Beginning in England in the 1750's, it was a change in the way goods were produced. Instead of making goods at home by hand, people produced them in factories with large machines.
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| MASS PRODUCTION | Vast amounts of identical goods were made.
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| AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION | New scientific methods and machinery had a positive impact on farming.
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| URBANIZATION | The movement of large numbers of people from rural areas to cities, primarily in search of jobs.
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| IMMIGRATION | People moving from other countries into the United States
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| LABOR UNIONS | Organized by workers so that they could act as a group with greater bargaining power than they had as individuals.
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| STRIKE | Workers halt all production hoping to put pressure on their employer to meet their demands.
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| KNIGHTS OF LABOR | Formed to serve as a single union for all workers skilled and unskilled. Demanded 8 hour workday, safety codes in factories, higher wages, end child labor, and equal pay for women.
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| AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR | An organization created in 1881 as a loose combination of unions of skilled workers, like carpenters.
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| EMIGRATE | People moving out of a country to another country.
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| POPULIST PARTY | Formed by farmers, called for restrictions on railroad companies, an 8 hour workday, a progressive income tax, and direct elections of U.S. Senators.
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| PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT | A political movement of the early 1900's which sought to correct the abuses of industrialization and to reform government.
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| MUCKRAKERS | Journalists who uncovered corruption and abuses in society.
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| LAISSEZ-FAIRE | The government should not interfere in the operations of businesses.
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| SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT | Made monopolies illegal. - to foster competition which is GOOD for YOU!...the consumer
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