1-Birch Ancient Indian Caste System
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| Aryan | Powerful pale-skinned barbarian tribe which invaded Indus Valley from the north and established the caste system
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| Ashrama | The four stages of life described in the Code of Manu: study (the Vedas), householding (having children), forest dwelling, and renouncing (to meditate while prepping for enlightenment)
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| Avatars | The appearance on Earth of a god, usually Vishnu, in human or animal form. There are 10 linked to Vishnu. Avatars appeared during evil times to help restore order and righteousness.
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| Krishna | an Avatar (human form of a young hero and lover) of the god Vishnu.
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| Rama | an Avatar (reincarnation) of the god Vishnu. He took the human form of prince and hero.
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| Bhagavid-Gita | an ancient writing which summarizes the main beliefs of Hinduism through an epic story. Main message: live life as a journey toward a higher level
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| Bhakti | devotion to and worship of God in the pursuit of enlightenment
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| Brahma | one of the Hindu Trinity Gods with Vishnu and Shiva. Brahma is the balance between Shiva and Vishnu
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| Vishnu | one of the Hindu Trinity Gods; the good and merciful; the greatest god. Maintains a balance between good and evil.
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| Shiva | one of the Hindu Trinity Gods; destructive and vengeful
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| Brahma (the god) | one of the Hindu Trinity Gods; the balance
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| Brahman (the search) | the search for knowledge and understanding.
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| Brahmin (the priests) | Caste of high priests. The Vedas were compiled and guarded by the Brahmins
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| Caste | the station in life or level of society which one is born into
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| Code of Manu | Ancient group of laws and rules for behavior
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| Dharma | Sanskrit for duty; one of the Purusarthas.
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| Enlightenment | highest challenge and goal of existence -- takes several lifetimes to achieve
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| guru | a teacher
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| Hinduism | religious philosophy based on cosmic wholeness
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| Moksha | state of bliss achieved through enlightenment; ultimate goal of all human life; takes many lifetimes to achieve; one of the Purusarthas
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| Karma | the belief that a person experiences the consequences of his/her own actions. You reap what you sow.
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| Kshatriyas | the warrior caste and nobelmen; 2nd below the Brahmins
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| Maya | One of the key beliefs in the Vedas is that the world is misleading and a world of illusion
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| Pariahs | workers not admitted into the four main castes. AKA untouchables.
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| Purusarthas | the four goals of humans which are considered good to seek. They are: Moksha (enlightenment), dharma (duty), artha (wealth and purpose), kama (pleasure)
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| Artha | one of the Purusarthas; wealth and purpose
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| Kama | one of the Purusarthas; pleasure
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| Samsara | the belief that the cycle of life, death, and rebirth define our existence.
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| Sanskrit | the sacred Hindu language developed by the Aryans of the Indus Valley
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| Sudras (or Shudras) | the fourth level of the caste system comprised of servants. Code of Manu suggests Sudras cannot achieve enlightenment
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| Upanishads | a group of writings which were added to the Vedas focused on the nature of existence and consciousness
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| Vaisyas | Third in the caste system under Brahmins and Kshatriyans. Caste contains merchants, skilled workers, and farmers.
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| Varna | color; refers to racial differences between white Aryans of the north and the brown native population
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| Vedas | Considered the world's oldest writings that may date as early as 2000 BCE. Traditionally, only males of the top 3 castes could read the Vedas
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| Hindu Caste System | divides society by castes based on occupation and used the human body as a metaphor for the caste
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| Hindu Caste: Brahmin | Brahmin: the mouth (the priests)
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| Hindu Caste: Kshatriyas | Kshatriyas: the arms (the warriors)
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| Hindu Caste: Vaishyas | Vaishyas: the thighs (skilled workers and farmers)
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| Hindu Caste: Shudras | Shudras: the feet (the servants)
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