Clin Med 207: GI
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| Substernal burning sensation, bitter tast, 30-60mins post meals, worse when lying down | Heartburn
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| Treatment for heartburn | Antacids, sleep with extra pillows
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| Problem transferring food bolus from oropharynx to upper esophagus (voluntary swallowing) | Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
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| Neurological problem, swallowing followed by immediate cough/regurgitation, liquids are more a problem, "swallow study" to diagnose | Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
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| Problem with passage of food down esophagus, constant, progressive,difficulty with solids (mechanical), episodic difficulty with solids/liquids (motility) | Esophageal Dysphagia
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| Mechanical esophageal dysphagia is caused by | Schatzki's ring (mucosal ring), peptic stricture, narrowing, or cancer
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| Motility esophageal dysphia is caused by | achalasia (incomplete relaxation of sphincter), esophageal spasm, and scleroderma
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| Epigastric fullness, discomfort after meals, nausea, belching | Dyspepsia
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| Sharp substernal pain on swallowing with severe erosion/inflammation of esophageal mucosa | Odynophagia
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| Causes of odynophagia | infection, caustic injury, pills stuck, esophagitis
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| Direct visualization and biopsy using fibroscopic instrument with light and camera. Pt must be under anesthesia. | EGD
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| EGD is the study of choice for evaluating ______, _______, and ________ | Persistent heartburn, Odynophagia, and structural abnormality on barium
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| Contrast-enhanced radiographic study | Barium Esophagography
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| Test of choice for esophageal dysphagia due to motility problem | Barium Esophagography
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| Test of choice for esophageal dysphagia due to mechanical problem | EGD
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| Small catheter that is passed nasally into esophagus. Records pressure at upper sphincter, body and lower sphincter | Esophageal Manometry
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| Measures esophageal exposure to gastric acid in patients with persistent symptoms of GERD, but normal EGD | 24-hour Esophageal pH recording
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| Inappropriate transient relaxation/opening of lower esophageal sphincter | GERD
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| Clinical features of GERD | Heartburn, Regurgitation, Dysphagia
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| Premalignant complication of chronic GERD that increases risk of adenocarcinoma by 30x | Barrett's Esophagus
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| Treatment of GERD | Antacids, OTC histamine H2 blockers, Proton Pump Inhibitors
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| Most common esophageal cancer in US | Adenocarcinoma
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| A defect in the mucosa of the stomach or duodenum. Normal defensive factors are overwhelmed by acid. | Peptic Ulcer Disease
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| What type of peptic ulcer is more comon in 30-55 age group? | Duodenal Ulcers
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| What type of peptic ulcer is more common in 55-70 age group? | Gastric Ulcers
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| Infection that is the #1 cause of Peptic Ulcer Disease | Helicobacter pylori
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| What NSAID is the most ulcerogenic? | Aspirin
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| Clinical features of a stomach ulcer | Epigastric pain, nausea, vomitting, middle of the night symptoms
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| Diets high in __________ can cause gastric cancer | Dried, smoked and salted food (Japanese)AND nitrates
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| IBD is divided into what two groups? | Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
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| Patchy, transmural inflammation involving any segment of the GI tract | Crohn's Disease
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| Crohn's disease in all layers of the bowel wall is _____ | transmural
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| A colonic mucousal inflammation | Ulcerative Colitis
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| In 70% of cases, Ulcerative Colitis is positive for ________ | P-ANCA
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| Hallmark Sign of Ulcerative Colitis | Bloody Diarrhea
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| Which form of IBD looks worse? | Crohn's Disease
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| Which form of IBD is more fatal? | Ulcerative Colitis
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| A complication of ulcerative colitis where the colon shuts down and there is lack of defacation for weeks | Toxic Megacolon
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| What ocular pathology is IBD linked to? | Uveitis
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| Most common gastrointestinal cancer | Colon Cancer
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| Risk factors for colon cancer | Over 50, family hx, long standing ulcerative colitis, FAP
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| Results of lab test for Acute Pancreatitis | elevated WBCs, amylase and lipasealc
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| Chronic Pancreatitis is most commonly due to ______ | alcholol
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| Clinical triad of chronic pancreatitis | pain, exocrine insufficiency, and endocrine insufficiency
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| Number one cause of Pancreatic Cancer | Smoking
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| Best way to diagnose Pancreatic Cancer | CT scan
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| Number one cause of Cirrhosis | Alcohol
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| Enlargement of abdomen do to fluid accumulation from blockage of liver | Ascite
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| 3 Hereditary Liver Diseases | Wilson's Disease, Hemochromatosis, Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
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| Caused by impaired excretion of copper into bile | Wilson's Disease
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| Hallmark of Wilson's Disease | Low ceruloplasmin level and high urinary copper
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| Increased intestinal iron absorption | Hemochromatosis
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| Causes iron deposition in tissues leading to fibrosis and organ damage | Hemochromatosis
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