Midterm
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| What is the difference between enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification? | Hypoplasia is defective formation of the enamel matrix itself; hypocalfication is when the matrix cannot be mineralized correctly | ||||
| What two things can cause enamel hypoplasia? | Heredity and Environment | ||||
| If the insult causing enamel hypoplasia occurs during the first two years of life, what two groups of teeth are usually involved? | Anteriors and first molars | ||||
| If the insult causing enamel hypoplasia occurs at 4-5 years of age, what three types of teeth are usually involved? | Cuspids, bicuspids, and second molars | ||||
| What is the treatment for Enamel hypoplasia or hypocalcification? | Composites/veneers for aesthetics | ||||
| What chalky white spots does your cousin Maria have (you think)? | Enamel hypocalcification | ||||
| At .6-1.0 ppm of Fluoride exposure, what are the dental effects? | Ideal for caries reduction, normal appearance | ||||
| At 1.0-1.8 ppm of Fluoride exposure, what are the dental effects? | Chalky white mottling, hypocalcified enamel | ||||
| At >1.8 ppm of Fluoride exposure, what are the dental effects? | Hypocalcification increases proportionally | ||||
| At >5 ppm of Fluoride exposure, what are the dental effects? | Severe enamel pigmentation with brown/white mottling, enamel may fracture or wear easily | ||||
| At >6 ppm of Fluoride exposure, what are the dental effects? | Permanent dentition affected (90% chance) | ||||
| At >9 ppm of Fluoride exposure, what are the dental effects? | Systemic effects occur!! | ||||
| What are two differential diagnoses for dental fluorosis? | 1. Tetracycline stains 2. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta | ||||
| A pt comes in wtih eroded labial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth. What is the most likely source of erosion? | Citrus fruits | ||||
| A pt comes in with lingual surfaces of the maxillary teeth eroded. What is the most likely source of erosion? | Stomach acid from bulimia or GERD or stress | ||||
| Which is more common: Internal or external resorption? | External | ||||
| If you can see a pink area through the tooth (caused by the showing of blood of pulp), what is the most likely diagnosis? | Internal resorption | ||||
| Is it easy to treat external resorption? | No, it requires flap surgery/alloy patch | ||||
| What are the only two treatments for internal resorption? | RCT and EXT | ||||
| What is the most common type of extrinsic stain? | Tobacco stain | ||||
| What is the second most common type of extrinsic stain? | Brown stain | ||||
| Which two extrinsic stains are seen frequently in non-smokers? | Brown and Black stain | ||||
| Are the following easy or hard to remove? Tobacco, Type II brown, Black, Green, Orange, Metallic | Hard, Easy, Hard, Easy, Easy, Enamel easy/Dentin and Cementum hard | ||||
| What is the treatment for intrinsic stain removal from non-vital teeth? | Bleaching | ||||
| Name three systemic conditions that can cause intrinsic tooth staining. | 1. Erythroblastosis Fetalis 2. Biliary Atresia 3. Congenital Porphyria | ||||
| Congenital Porphyria is caused by overproduction of ___________. | Uroporphyrin | ||||
| Name the antibiotic that turns teeth yellow to yellow-brown with no pitting, which may occur in band-like fashion. | Tetracycline | ||||
| Tetracycline is contraindicated for children under age ___ and for _______ women. | 8, Pregnant | ||||
| What are the three most commonly missing teeth? | 1. 3rd molars 2. 2nd Bis 3. Maxillary laterals | ||||
| What developmental tooth condition is often associated wtih hereditary ectodermal dysplasia? | Hypodontia | ||||
| What is the most common type of hyperdontia? Where is it located? | Mesodens. Located at the midline of the maxillary centrals | ||||
| What is the second-most common type of hyperdontia? | 4th molars | ||||
| Name the two diseases that hyperdontia is often associated with. | 1. Cleidocranial dysostosis 2. Gardner's syndrome | ||||
| Name two syndromes commonly associated wtih microdontia. | 1. Dwarfism 2. Down's syndrome | ||||
| What two teeth are most commonly affected by microdontia? | 1 Laterals 2 Third molars | ||||
| Gemination or fusion: Tooth count is normal. | Gemination | ||||
| What is concrescence? | Teeth are united by cementum only | ||||
| What is the most common location for a talon cusp? | Lingual (cingulum area) of the maxillary lateral | ||||
| Define dens evaginatus. | Cusp-like elevation of enamel in the central groove on lingual ridge of buccal cusp of posterior teeth | ||||
| Name a dental syndrome featured in Paget's dz. | Hypercementosis with missing lamina dura | ||||
| What is the most common tooth to have a dilaceration? | 3rd molars | ||||
| Describe hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta. | Enamel does not form to full thickness | ||||
| Describe hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta. | Enamel is soft and removed easily, chips off | ||||
| Describe hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. | Normal thickness of enamel, but can be pierced by an explorer. | ||||
| Is caries incidence significant with amelogenesis or dentinogenesis imperfecta? | NO | ||||
| What are three differential diagnoses for amelogenesis imperfecta? | 1 Fluorosis 2 Attrition 3 Erosion | ||||
| How are Type I, II and III Dentinogenesis imperfecta classified? | I: Occurs with Osteogenesis imperfecta II. Never occurs with OI III. Brandywine type/Shell teeth | ||||
| How do you distinguish DI from AI? | DI has no pulp chambers left | ||||
| How can you distinguish Type III DI from the others? | Very large pulp chambers | ||||
| Type II Dentinal dysplasia is often associated with what other dental syndrome? | DI | ||||
| What is the most common type of dentinal dysplasia? | Type I | ||||
| What is another name for Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis? Who is affected? What is it? What is the treatment? | Pulp Polyp. Children/Young adults. Inflammed granulation tissue overgrows out of pulp. Ext or RCT | ||||
| What reaction will be seen with the EPT for reversible/acute pulpitis? | Less current necessary for response | ||||
| What is the response for thermal tests wtih late-stage acute pulpitis? | Pain intensified by heat | ||||
| What is the only pulpal condition that has a feeling of 'different' upon percussion? | Chronic pulpitis | ||||
| Name two reasons why pulp is different from other tissues (and has different symptoms). | 1 No collateral circulation lowers immune response 2. Surrounding by non-expandable tissue causes pressure and pain | ||||
| The majority of abcesses are (a/symptomatic). | Asymptomatic | ||||
| If the pulp vital or non-vital if you hae acute periapical abcess? | Nonvital! | ||||
| (Acute/Chronic) abcesses are symptomatic. | Acute | ||||
| The difference between Acute apical periodontitis and periapical abcess is that periapical abcess is characterized by... | Swelling (and lots of pain, rapid onset) | ||||
| Which is more likely to be localized pain (only the involved tooth hurts): Acute apical periodontitis or periapical abcess? | Acute apical periodontitis | ||||
| Name the two deadly complications of an untreated abcess. | 1 Ludwig's angina (tongue blocks airway) 2 Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis (infection into entire head) | ||||
| If your patient "died of a toothache", what was the most likely cause? | Cavernous sinus thrombosis | ||||
| What is the most common direction of drainage/spread of infection with an abcess? | Buccal | ||||
| Name two key characteristics of Chronic apical periodontitis AKA periapical granuloma AKA dental granuloma. | 1 Painless 2 Only radiolucent up to 1 cm | ||||
| Where is the most common location (tooth-related) for condensing osteitis? | Mandibular first molar | ||||
| What is the appropriate term tou se when oral lesions occur due to systemically administered drugs? What kind of hypersensitivity reaction is this? | Stomatitis Medicamentosa. Type ONE | ||||
| If stomatitis medicamentosa occurs and the patient cannot be taken off of the offending drug, what is the treatment option? | Topical corticosteroids | ||||
| What is the best term to use when an oral mucsoal allergic reaction is confined to the areas of direct contact with the allergen (2)? What kind of hypersensitivity reaction is this? | Contact Stomatitis, or Stomatitis Venenata. Type FOUR | ||||
| What is a very tell-tale sign for Contact stomatitis/Stomatitis venenata? | Pebbly surface | ||||
| Name 2 things that make stomatitis venenata different from a chemical burn. | Stomatitis venenata 1) Affects for weeks 2) More red than white | ||||
| How is stomatitis venenata different from stomatitis medicamentosa? | No runny nose, itchy/watery eyes | ||||
| Who is more prone to stomatitis venenata, males or females? | Females | ||||
| Name a highly antigenic agent that often causes contact stomatitis. | Cinnamon aldehyde (artificial flavoring) | ||||
| What is the most common pattern of reaction to dental amalgams? | Contact lichenoid reaction | ||||
| What is the most common mechanism for angioedema? | Immediate IgE-mediated hypersensitivity | ||||
| Name a likely diagnosis for a patient who has an onset of swelling that is rapid (within minutes/hours). | Angioedema | ||||
| Inappropriate complement activation due to C1-INH problems will cause... | Angioedema | ||||
| What is the most common location for angioedema to occur? | Lips | ||||
| What is the concern if your patient has angioedema from a local anesthetic? What is the treatment? | Airway blockage; perscribe Benadryl (OTC) | ||||
| What is a differential diagnosis for angioedema? | Cheilitis granulomatosis | ||||
| Name the triad for the rare Behcet Syndrome. | 1 Apthous ulcers for more than a year 2 Genital ulcerations 3 Eye ulcerations | ||||
| Can a DDS diagnose Behcet Syndrome? | No, only an MD can - refer them to a rheumatoid specialist | ||||
| Name the three systemic diseases that we discussed that cause granulomatous inflammation. | 1 Sarcoidosis 2 Orofacial Granulomatosis 3 Wegener | ||||
| Does sarcoidosis have non or caseating Granulomatosis? | Non | ||||
| In sarcoidosis, who is affected more: Whites/blacks? Males/females? Young adults/older adults? | Black, females, young adults | ||||
| Name two clinical syndromes of sarcoidosis. Which one is related to H/N? | 1 Lofgren syndrome 2 Heerfordt's syndrome - H/N | ||||
| What three H/N features are present with Heerfordt's syndrome? | 1 Parotid enlargement 2 Anterior uveitis of the eye 3 Facial paralysis | ||||
| Where in the oral cavity can sarcoidosis occur? | Anywhere | ||||
| Is there a specific diagnostic test for sarcoidosis? | No, diagnose by R/O | ||||
| What is the treatment for sarcoidosis. | Ranges from no tx to corticosteroids to death | ||||
| What term is used when any granulomatous inflammation is present in the head and neck area? Is it a diagnostic or clinical term? | Orofacial granulmatosis. CLINICAL only - unless no specific term applies | ||||
| Name the more common pattern of orofacial granulomatosis. Name one unique characteristic. | Cheilitis granulomatosis. It's persistent (over months!) | ||||
| Name the less common pattern of orofacial granulomatosis. Name three unique characteristics. | Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Has blisters, facial paralysis, and fissured tongue | ||||
| What two things characterize both cheilitis granulomatosis and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome? | 1 Non-tender 2 Labial swelling | ||||
| Name the immune-mediated type of granulomatosis. | Wegener. | ||||
| What is the most common, but rare, oral manifestation of Wegener granulomatosis? | Strawberry gingivitis | ||||
| How do you differentiate linea alba from Morsicatio Buccarum? | Linea alba is smooth, MB has a rough, ragged surface | ||||
| What is the most common cause of focal oral ulcerations? | Trauma | ||||
| Define traumatic granuloma | A deep ulcer that occurs in the mucosa over muslce (usually on the tongue) | ||||
| If a lesion does not heal in ___ days to ____ weeks of conservative therapy, what must be done? | 10 days-2 weeks. Biopsy! | ||||
| Name 3 common examples of chemical burns. | 1 Aspirin 2 Anbesol 3 Hydrogen peroxide | ||||
| Do submucosal hemorrhages blanch with pressure? | NO | ||||
| Name 8 possible head and neck effects of radiation therapy. | 1 Mucositis 2 Xerostomia 3 Hemorrhage 4 Loss of taste 5 Trismus 6 Osteoradionecrosis 7 Dermatitis 8 Developmental abnormalities | ||||
| What usually occurs during the second week of radiation treatment? | Radiation mucositis | ||||
| Name two possible clinical features of chronic dermatitis. | 1Dry, atrophic skin 2 Telangiectasias | ||||
| When xerostomia is due to radation therapy, is it reversible? | No | ||||
| What occurs within a few days of starting chemo? | Chemo mucositis | ||||
| Exanthemous diseases, nutritional deficiency, congenital syphilis, hypocalcemia, ingestion of chemicals can all cause what two tooth diseases? | Enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification | ||||
| Enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification often occur together in what other tooth disease? | AI | ||||
| What term is used when epithelium has a granular layer and the nuclei are lost in the keratin layer? | Hyperorthokeratosis | ||||
| What term is used when there is no granular cell layer and the epithelial nuclei are retained in the keratin layer? | Hyperparakeratosis | ||||
| What term is used when there is intercellular edema of the spinous cell layer, which turns a whitish color? | Spongiosis | ||||
| What term is used when the spinous layer is thickened? | Acanthosis | ||||
| What term is used when the squamous epithelium proliferates to a papillary, exophytic appearance? | Verrucous hyperplasia | ||||
| Name 4 oral areas that have keratin. | 1 Hard palate 2 Gingiva 3 Alveolar mucosa 4 Dorsal tongue | ||||
| (Non/keratinized) (thin/thick) epi is particularly vulnerable to development of premalignancy/malignancy. | Non-keratinized, thin | ||||
| Leukoedema, a psuedopathologic lesion, is (rare/common), is more predominant in (blacks/whites), (non/smokers). | Common, blacks, smokers | ||||
| Where does leukoedema usually occur? | Buccal mucosa, bilaterally | ||||
| What white lesion disappears when the tissue is stretched? | Leukoedema | ||||
| What white lesion does NOT disappear when the tissue is stretched? | Leukoplakia | ||||
| What five other diseases must be ruled out when it looks like leukoedema? | 1 Keratosis 2 White sponge nevus 3 Smokeless tobacco lesions 4 Cheek biting lesions 5 Leukoplakia | ||||
| What disease histologically features acanthosis, perakeratosis, and intracellular edema? | Leukoedema | ||||
| A cauliflower-like lesion is present. What is the differential diagnosis? | 1 Squamous papilloma 2 Verucca vulgaris 3 Verrucous carcinoma 5 Condyloma acuminatum 6 Verruciform xanthoma | ||||
| Where is squamous papilloma usually found (5)? | 1 Soft palate 2 Tongue 3 Lips 4 Buccal mucosa 5 Gingiva | ||||
| What disease histologically features projection of squamous epi, containing a thin CT core? | Squamous papilloma | ||||
| What is the treatment for Squamous papilloma? | Excisional biopsy | ||||
| What disease histologically features pointed projections from surface epi, thickened keratin, and viral inclusion in the upper spinous layer? | Verrucous vulgaris | ||||
| What disease clinically looks like little white peaks of frosting? | Verrucous vulgaris | ||||
| How long after sexual contact does condyloma acuminatum show up? | 1-3 months | ||||
| What disease clinically shows multiple, papillary masses, are white/pink, and are up to 2 cm in diameter | Condyloma acuminatum | ||||
| What is the differential diagnosis for condyloma acuminatum, and what is the difference between the two? | Squamous papilloma - grows slower | ||||
| What ethnic group and age groups are affected by focal epithelial hyperplasia (Hecks' dz)? | American indians - children/middle-aged adults | ||||
| Name the two things that fail to fuse in cleft lip. | 1 Medial nasal process 2 Maxillary process | ||||
| When does the upper lip form? | 6-7 weeks | ||||
| What fails to form in cleft palate? | Palatal shelves | ||||
| When does the palate form? | 6-12 weeks | ||||
| Cleft lip alone and Cleft Lip/Palate have (the same/different) etiology. | The same | ||||
| Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip/Palate have (the same/different) etiology. | Different | ||||
| What ethnic group has the highest rate of cleft lip and palate? | Native americans | ||||
| Place in order of highest to lowest occurence: Cleft lip alone = Cleft palate alone = Cleft lip and palate together | Cleft lip and palate together >Cleft palate alone > Cleft lip alone | ||||
| Cleft lip and palate together is more common in (males/females). Isolated cleft palate is more common in (males/females). | Males. Females | ||||
| Name the three characteristic features of Pierre Robin syndrome. | 1 Cleft palate 2 Mandibular micrognathia 3 Glossoptosis (small tongue that cuts off airway) | ||||
| What is the possible reason for commissural lip pits? | Failure of the normal fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes in the embryo | ||||
| What is more common, commissural or paramedian lip pits? | Commissural (12-20% of the population) | ||||
| Are commissural lip pits more common in whites or blacks? | Blacks | ||||
| What is the possible reason for paramedian lip pits? | Persistence of the lateral sulci on the embryonic mandibular arch | ||||
| Which is associated with other developmental anomalies such as cleft lip/palate: Commissural or paramedian Lip pits? | Paramedian | ||||
| Which is almost always bilateral: Commissural or paramedian Lip pits? | Paramedian | ||||
| Name three main characteristics of Ascher's syndrome. | 1 Double lip 2 Blepharochalasis (droopy eyelid due to edema) 3 Nontoxic thyroid enlargement | ||||
| What are Fordyce's Granules? | Ectopic sebacious glands | ||||
| How common are Fordyce Granules? Who gets them? | 80% incidence. All ages get them | ||||
| What is the term used for fibrous hyperplasia of the gums that is not painful, but may prevent teeth from erupting? | Fibromatosis Gingivae | ||||
| What is a differential diagnosis for Fibromatosis Gingivae? | Dilantin hyperplasia | ||||
| Name three systemic diseases that may cause macrognathia. | 1 Paget's dz 2 Acromegaly 3 Fibrous dysplasia | ||||
| What term is used for unilateral enlargemnt of the body/parts? | Hemihyperplasia | ||||
| What disease features unilateral atrophy of the face, delayed eruption, but stabilizes after several years? | Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy | ||||
| What is more common, macro/microglossia? | Macroglossia | ||||
| What other disease is often associated with fissured tongue? | Geographic tongue | ||||
| What is the incidence of fissured tongue? | 2-5% | ||||
| What is the incidence of geographic tongue? | 1-3% | ||||
| What kind of papillae/taste buds are missing with geographic tongue? | Filiform | ||||
| Name a distinct, pathognomonic feature of geographic tongue. | Outlined by yellow-white line | ||||
| If lesions resemble geographic tongue lesions but are located on other parts of the oral cavity, what are these lesions called? | Stomatitis areata migrans | ||||
| What dermatologic disease does geographic tongue resemble? | Psoriasis | ||||
| In hairy tongue, keratin accumulates on which type of papillae? | Filiform | ||||
| Hairy tongue affects (non/smokers) and its incidence is ___% of all adults. | Smokers, 1/2% | ||||
| If a lingual thyroid nodule is present, what is a differential diagnosis to worry about? | Thyroglossal duct cyst | ||||
| Name the three lymphoid tissues that make up Waldeyer's ring. | 1 Palatine 2 Pharyngeal 3 Lingual tonsils (and sometimes foliate papillae) | ||||
| Minor glands are usually (serous/mucous) glands. | Mucous | ||||
| VonEbner's salivary glands are special because they are (serous/mucous). | Serous | ||||
| What is the treatment for Heck's dz? | None, it is benign. | ||||
| Name three places that vurrucous vulgaris is usually seen. | 1 Vermillion border 2 Labial mucosa 3 Anterior tongue | ||||
| Rare verruciform xanthoma has a surface texture that is ________ and is usually seen in (young/old) (men/women). It (does/does not) have potential for malignant transformation. | rough(pebbly), older women over 40, Does NOT have potential to be malignant | ||||
| Name 5 common places to find verruciform xanthoma. | 1 Lower alveolar ridge 2 Palate 3 Floor of the mouth 4 Lip 5 Tongue | ||||
| Whsat is the only way to diagnose verruciform xanthoma? | Presence of 'foam cells' - histiocytes and xanthoma cells in connective tissue papilla between epi pegs | ||||
| Name a benign lesion that clinically resembles squamous cell carcinoma. | Keratoacanthoma | ||||
| Where does keratoacanthoma usually occur? What does it look like? | Sun-exposed SKIN (not in the mouth). Elevated crater-like lesion with depressed central plug of keratin | ||||
| Keratoacanthoma usually grows to full size in __ to ___ weeks, stays static for ___ to ___ weeks, then... | 4-8, 4-8, totally disappears | ||||
| How is white sponge nevus transmitted? | Autosomal dominant | ||||
| Where is the most common place to see white sponge nevus? Where else might you find it? | Buccal mucosa is most common. Palate, gingiva, floor of the mouth, and tongue | ||||
| At what age does white sponge nevus appear? | Childhood | ||||
| What are 4 histologic features of white sponge nevus? | 1 Acanthosis 2 Hyperparakeratosis 3 Intracellular edema 4 Parakeratin plugs running into the spinous layer | ||||
| Name the clinical term for a white patch on the mucosa that does not wipe off and is no other specific dz. | Leukoplakia | ||||
| What are the three clinical types of leukoplakia, and is each malignant or not, usually? | 1 Frictional keratosis - not malignant 2 Smoking related leukoplakia - mal 3 smokeless tobacco keratosis - mal | ||||
| Is leukoplakia premalignant or not? | PREMALIGNANT! | ||||
| What is the incidence for leukoplakia? | 3% of all adult whites; 8% of 70+ males | ||||
| Name the two most common sites for leukoplakia. | 1 Buccal mucosa 2 Mandibular alveoloar mucosa | ||||
| What % of leukoplakias turn malignant? | 1-18% | ||||
| If a lab report comes back with hyperkeratosis, is it benign, premalignant, or malignant? | Benign | ||||
| If a lab report comes back with dysplasia, is it benign, premalignant, or malignant? | premalignant | ||||
| If a lab report comes back with squamous cell carcinoma, is it benign, premalignant, or malignant? | Malignant (duh) | ||||
| We worry most about leukoplakia that is located... | On the floor of the mouth | ||||
| Name 3 other worrisome sites for leukoplakia to be seen (besides the floor of the mouth). | 1 Lateral border of the tongue 2 Lower lip 3 Palate | ||||
| Name 3 histologic features of leukoplakia. | 1 Acanthosis 2 hyperkeratosis 3 hyperparakeratosis | ||||
| T/F: Leukoplakia must always be biopsied. | TRUE - it's the only way to determine if it's malignant or not | ||||
| Which is more likely to cause alterations in oral tissue, snuff or chewing tobacco? | Snuff | ||||
| How long does it take to get color changes with smokeless tobacco? | 1-5 years | ||||
| Is oral submucous fibrosis premalignant or not? | Premalignant! | ||||
| What causes oral submucous fibrosis? | Chewing betel quid | ||||
| Do smokeless tobacco lesions go away after quitting? | Yes | ||||
| Does oral submucous fibrosis go away after quitting betel quid? | NO | ||||
| What other oral lesion is often on top of/associated with oral submucous fibrosis? | Leukoplakia | ||||
| Nodular keratotic areas with red depressions in the center (minor salivary glands) are pathognomonic for what dz? | Nicotine Stomatitis | ||||
| What three things can cause nicotine stomatitis? | 1 Pipe 2 Cigar 3 Reverse smoking | ||||
| Does nicotine stomatitis go away with quitting? | Yes, usually | ||||
| Is nicotine stomatitis premalignant or not? | Probably not | ||||
| Is actinic cheilitis premalignant or not? | Premalignant | ||||
| What term is used when the lesion is white due to degenerating CT? | Senile elastosis | ||||
| Name the four 'officially' pre-malignant lesions. | 1 KEratosis with dysplasia 2 Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia 3 Erythroplakia 4 Speckled leukoplakia | ||||
| __ - ___% of keratosis with dysplasia transforms to squamous cell carcinoma. | 7-36 | ||||
| What are 5 histologic features of Keratosis with dysplasia? | 1 Increased keratin 2 Hyperchromatism 3 Increased mitoses 4 Loss of polarity/disoriented cells 5 Bulbous rete ridges | ||||
| Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia has a strong predilection for (males/females), (non/smokers) and (are/are not) likely to recur once removed. What is the mortality rate? | Females, nonsmokers, ARE VERY likely to recur. 70% mortality rate | ||||
| What is a clinical term that refers to a red patch that is not any other condition, trauma, or inflammation? | Erythroplakia | ||||
| What is more common, leuko or erythroplakia? | Leukoplakia | ||||
| ___ - ____% of erythroplakias show dysplasia/carcinoma. | 60-90% | ||||
| Does erythroplakia have keratin? | No | ||||
| What is a clinical term for a lesion that is red with granular/nodular white plaques on the surface? | Speckled leukoplakia | ||||
| What has a higher degree of malignancy, erythroplakia or Speckled leukoplakia? | Speckled leukoplakia | ||||
| Place in order of highest to lowest chance of malignancy: Leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and Speckled leukoplakia. | Speckled leukoplakia >> Erythroplakia > Leukoplakia | ||||
| Name two ways you can differentiate White Sponge Nevus from leukoplakia. | White sponge nevus 1) Affects kids 2) Is autosomal dominant - transmitted |
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