German vocab- How to describe landscapes and settlements
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| the Baltic sea | die Ostsee
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| the North sea | die Nordsee
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| bay | die Bucht
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| coast | die Küste
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| cliffs, steep coast | die Steilküste
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| (sandy, pebble) beach | der (Sand-, Kies-)Strand
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| strait | die Meerenge
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| lake | der See
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| pond | der Teich
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| river | der Fluss
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| course of a river | der Lauf
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| riverbed | das Flussbett
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| shore, bank | das Ufer
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| well | der Brunner
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| fountain | der Springbrunnen
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| spring | die Quelle
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| estuary | die (Fluss-)Mündung
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| waterfall | der Wasserfall
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| brook | der Bach
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| island | die Insel
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| peninsula | die Halbinsel
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| harbour | der Hafen
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| port | die Hafenstadt
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| shipyard | die Schiffschwerft
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| bridge | die Brücke
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| plain | die Ebene, das Flachland
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| valley | das Tal
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| mountain | der Berg
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| hill | der Hügel
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| plateau | die Hochebene
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| mountains | das Gebirge
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| mountain range | der Gebirgszug
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| peak, top | der (Berg-)Gipfel
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| cliff, rock | der Fels
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| chalk cliff | der Kreidefelsen
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| rock face | die Felswand
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| canyon | die (Fels-)Schlucht
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| the Alps | die Alpen
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| glacier | der Gletscher
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| (dropstone, sandstone) cave | die (Tropfstein-, Sandstein-)Höhle
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| (coal, salt) mine | das (Kohle-, Salz-) Bergwerk
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| grassland, pasture | das Grasland, das Weideland
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| alpine meadow | die Alm
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| wasteland | das Ödland
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| wetland | das Feuchtgebiet
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| marsh, swamp | der Sumpf, das Moor
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| heath | die Heide
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| farmland | das Ackerland
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| field | das Feld
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| meadow | die Wiese
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| lawn | der Rasen
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| wood | der Wald
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| grove | der Hain
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| vineyard | der Weinberg
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| park | der Park
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| allotment | der Schrebergarten
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| shrub, bush | der Strauch, der Busch
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| hedgerow | die Hecke
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| heather | das Heidekraut
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| clearing | die Lichtung
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| wilderness | die Wildnis
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| panorama terrace | die Aussichtswarte, der Aussichtsterrasse
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| stretch of land | der Land-, Küstenstrich
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| horizon | der Horizont
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| skyline | die (Stadt)Silhouette
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| rural area | die ländliche Gegend
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| national park, nature reserve | das Naturschutzgebiet
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| UNESCO world heritage site | das UNESCO Welterbe
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| urban area | das Stadtgebiet
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| industrial zone | das Industriegebiet
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| city | die Großstadt
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| town | die Kleinstadt
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| city centre | die Innenstadt
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| suburb | der Vorort, der Stadtrand
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| (office, factory, government) building | das (Büro-, Fabriks-, Regierungs-)Gebäude
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| (exhibition) area, (company) premises | das (Ausstellungs-, Messe-, Firmen-)Gelände
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| factory | die Fabrik
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| docks | die Hafenanlage
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| fortification | die Befestigungsanlage
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| park | die Parkanlage
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| building site | die Baustelle
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| border | die Grenze
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| border checkpoint | der Grenzübergang
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| lighthouse | der Leuchtturm
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| (television, watch) tower | der (Fernseh-, Wacht-)Turm
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| electricity pylon | der Strommast
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| power line | die Überlandleitung
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| cemetery, churchyard | der Friedhof, der Kirchhof
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| grave, tomb | das Grab
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| federal highway | die Bundesstraße
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| country lane | die Landstraße
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| (forest, farm, cycle, hiking) path/track | der (Forst-, Feld-, Rad-, Wander-)Weg
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| alley | die Gasse
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| tree-lined road | die Allee
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| (foot)path | der (Wander)Pfad
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| (main, market, town hall) square | der (Haupt-, Markt-, Rathaus-)Platz
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| country house, cottage | das Landhaus
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| terraced house | das Reihenhaus
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| detached house | das Einfamilienhaus
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| block of flats | das Mietshaus
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| tower block | das Hochhaus
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| skyscraper | der Wolkenkratzer
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| summer house | das Gartenhaus
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| (mountain) hut | die (Berg-)Hütte
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| farm | der Bauernhof
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| barn | die Scheune
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| stable | der Stall
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| castle, palace | das Schloss
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| fortified castle | die Burg
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| church | die Kirche
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| cathedral | die Kathedrale, der Dom
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| minister, monastery | das Münster, das Kloster
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| synagogue | die Synagoge
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| mosque | die Moschee
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| spa hotel | das Kurhaus
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| town hall | das Rathaus
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| gabled house | das Giebelhaus
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| half-timbered house | das Fachwerkhaus
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| (gothic) brick building | der (gotische) Backsteinbau
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| roof | das Dach
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| dome | die Kuppel
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| spire | der (Spitz-, Kirch-)Turm
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| (church) spire | die (Kirch)Turmspitze
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| gate, arch | das Tor, der Torbogen
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| (round, pointed) arch | der (Rund-, Spitz-)Bogen
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| row of houses | die Häuserfront
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| front | die Fassade
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| (bronze, marble) statue | die (Bronze-, Marmor-)Statue, das Standbild
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| bust | die Büste
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| column | die Säule
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| monument | das Denkmal
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| memorial | das Mahnmal
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| (city) wall | die (Stadt-)Mauer
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| flat | flach
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| mountainous | bergig
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| wooded | waldig
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| hilly | hügelig
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| snow-covered | schneebedeckt
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| rocky | felsig
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| intensely farmed | dicht bebaut
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| rushing (water) | rauschend
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| frothy | schäumend
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| heaving | wogend
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| narrow (path) | schmal
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| wide (path) | breit
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| straight | gerade
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| curved | kurvig
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| slushy | matschig
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| rough, bumpy | holprig
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| tarmacced | asphaltiert
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| naked (rockface) | nackt
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| rugged | schroff
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| jagged | zackig
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| smooth | glatt
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| round | rund
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| forested | bewaldet
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| modern | modern
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| dilapidated | verfallen
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| in good condition | gut erhalten
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| in a ... style | im ...-Stil
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