Acid-Base Disturbances
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| What do we call a condition of low arterial pH, reduced plasma HC03 concentration, and usually compensatory alveolar hyper-ventilation resulting in decreased PCO2? | Metabolic Acidosis
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| Metabolic acidosis can be due to increased acid production, decreased acid elimination, or ? | Aspirin overdose - acetylsalicylic acid poisoning
(accidental or otherwise).
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| This is estimated by subtracting the sum of the Cl and HC03 concentrations from the plasma Na concentration. | Anion Gap
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[Na]-([Cl]+[HCO3])
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| What accounts for most of the normal anion gap of 12 ± 4 mEq/L, and why? | Negatively charged plasma proteins such as albumin
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| Why doesn't hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis result in an increased anion gap? | Because Chloride is part of the formula for the anion gap.
[Na]-([Cl]+[HCO3])=Anion Gap
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| Why do renal or extrarenal losses of HC03 produce hyperchloremic (non-anion gap) metabolic acidosis? | Kidney retention if chloride – to preserve extra cellular fluids.
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