UCI Physio Test 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Priming pumps | atrias
🗑
|
||||
| resistance of systemic circulation | 1.0 P/Q
🗑
|
||||
| resistance of pulmonary circulation | 0.14 P/Q
🗑
|
||||
| BP values for right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, arteries, arteriole, capillaries, veins | 0-5, 25/0, 18, 8, 0-5, 125/0, 125/80, 90, 30, 15
🗑
|
||||
| how many ml/sec of blood flow through the lungs | 100 ml/sec
🗑
|
||||
| avg BP if there were no pump | 7mm Hg
🗑
|
||||
| VMC stands for what and is found where | vasomotor center in the medula of the brain
🗑
|
||||
| VMC is modulated by what | stretch receptors in the right side of heart, pulmonary artery, proximal aorta, carotid sinus region, and in muscle fibers
🗑
|
||||
| baroreceptors | stretch receptors in the carotid region
🗑
|
||||
| is the VMC intrinsically active or inactive and do stretch stimuli reduce or increase its intrinsic activity | VMC is instrinsically active and stretch impulses reduce its activity
🗑
|
||||
| 3 regions the VMC stimulates (and what does it stimulate with) | 1)SA node 2)arteriolar beds 3)veins (norepi)
🗑
|
||||
| VMC activity does what 3 things | increased HR and strength of contraction 2)constriction of arterioles 3)constriction of veins
🗑
|
||||
| ohm's law equivalent | pressure=flow*resistence
🗑
|
||||
| CBV | central blood volume is the volume of blood in the pulmonary circulation plus the chambers of the heart
🗑
|
||||
| elastin is found to a greater extent where and what is it's purpose | artery vessels closer to the heart; elastin can expand and contract to maintain smooth BP throughout the cardiac cycle
🗑
|
||||
| collagen's purpose in arteries | provides protection and insures arteries are not over distended
🗑
|
||||
| anacrotic limb, dicrotic limb, dicrotic notch | ascending limb of arterial pulse pressure graph; descending limb; valve closing
🗑
|
||||
| compliance | (change in volume)/(change in pressure)
🗑
|
||||
| high blood pressure defnition numbers | over 139 and over 90
🗑
|
||||
| how do you adjust pressure for gravity | add 1 mmHg for every cm below the heart
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscles in wall of arterioles are under control of what 3 things | 1)sympathetic nervous system (alpha receptors), 2)circulating hormones (epi, norepi, porstaglandins), and 3) metabolites (CO2, K+, H+, adenosine, natriuretic factor)
🗑
|
||||
| 3 features of capillary network | 1)large surface area/volume 2)slow blood movement 3)thin walled
🗑
|
||||
| where are post-capillary sphincters found | kidney
🗑
|
||||
| thoroughfare channel | direct flow from arteriole to venule that bypasses capillary; purpose is to dissipate heat at skin
🗑
|
||||
| continuous capillary junction size, found where, and purpose | <40 angstroms; found in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and lung; minimize protein and H2O loss
🗑
|
||||
| fenestrated capillary junction size, found where, and purpose | <0.1 micrometers; renal glomeruli, instestinal villi, intestinal mucosa; promote rapid and large exchange of fluid and solute
🗑
|
||||
| discontinuous capillary found where and purpose | liver, spleen, bone marrow; promotes exchange of macromolecules (protein and cells)
🗑
|
||||
| three types of material exchange across capillary networks | 1)filtration/absorption 2)diffusion 3)micropinocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| OHM's law as applied to flow through cappillaries | Pcap=(Part(Rven/Rart)+Pven)/(1+(Rven/Rart))
🗑
|
||||
| interstitium pressure | pressure pushing fluid into vessels; usually zero unless there's a lymph removal problem
🗑
|
||||
| oncotic pressure | osmotic pressure on capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| starling landis equation and what does the K mean | F=K[(Pcap+PIint)-(PIpl+Pint)]; K tells how leaky the capillary is
🗑
|
||||
| how does H2O move across capillary endothelium | diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| liters/day of fluid moved into the lymphatic system | 2-4L/day
🗑
|
||||
| what drains into the right lymphatic duct | arms, neck, head
🗑
|
||||
| what drains into the thoracic duct | everything other than arms, neck, and head
🗑
|
||||
| endothelial cell organization of lymphatic ducts | loosely arranged with large gaps anchored by collagen
🗑
|
||||
| 2 primary fxns of lymphatic ducts | 1)return fluid and macromolecules to circulation 2)remove protein from interstitial spaces
🗑
|
||||
| 3 secondary fxns of lymphatic ducts | 1)phagocytic activity 2)antibody production 3)avenue for absorbing chylomicron (tri-glycerides) from intestine
🗑
|
||||
| hemodynamics affecting lymph flow | capillary pressure and oncotic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| 3 mechanical factors affecting lymph flow | 1)muscle contraction 2)gut peristalsis 3)arterial pulsations
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to veins as temp increases | increased distensibility
🗑
|
||||
| what do epi and norepi do to vein capacitance | decrease capacitance
🗑
|
||||
| 4 mechanisms that aid in venous return | 1)valves 2)muscular pumping/milking 3)respiratory pump 4)venous tone via sympathetics (smooth muscle contraction)
🗑
|
||||
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis; blood clots develop in deep veins (usually leg) from inability to milk blood back to heart
🗑
|
||||
| mean BP equation | BP=Pd+1/3(Sys-Dia)
🗑
|
||||
| blood resistance equation | Resistance=(P1-P2)/Flow
🗑
|
||||
| 2 types of remote control on arterioles | nervous and hormonal
🗑
|
||||
| 2 types of local control on arterioles | metabolic and myogenic
🗑
|
||||
| Beta 1 receptor locations, physiological activators, and responses | heart (SA node, AV node, Ventricles); Norep, Epi, Dopa; Norep and Epi increase HR, conduction, and contractility; Dopa just increases contractility
🗑
|
||||
| Beta 2 receptor locations, physiological activators, and responses | vascular smooth muscle in skeletal, coronary, and liver/splanchnic (also in muscle, kidney, and liver cells); epi, dopa, norepi (high conc. Req.); vasodilation, glycogenolysis, renin release
🗑
|
||||
| alpha 1 receptor locations, activators, and response | postsynaptically in vascular smooth muscle in all organ systems; norepi, epi (high dose), dopa (high dose); vasoconstriction
🗑
|
||||
| alpha 2 receptor locations, activators, and response | presynaptically on alpha motor neurons in all organ systems; epi, dopa, norepi (inhibitor); vasoconstriction
🗑
|
||||
| cholinergic receptor location, activator, and response | all beds; acetylcholine; vasodilation
🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic cholinergic (via hypothalamus) receptor location, activator, and response | skeletal muscle; acetylcholine; vasodilation
🗑
|
||||
| dopamine receptor locations and response | renal, splanchnic, cerebral, skeletal, skin; vasodilation
🗑
|
||||
| beta 2 receptor affinity for epi and norepi | much greater affinity for epi than norepi
🗑
|
||||
| overall effect of norepi | vasoconstriction at all concentrations
🗑
|
||||
| overall effect of epi | vasodilation at low concentrations (beta response) and vasoconstriction at high concentrations (alpha response)
🗑
|
||||
| equation to determine flow of blood through lung using O2 as indicator (ficke method) | Flow=(O2 uptake)/(ArtO2/100ml-VenO2/100ml); this is on the test
🗑
|
||||
| how to measure cerebral blood flow | modified ficke using nitrous oxide
🗑
|
||||
| 4 features of cerebral blood flow | 1)constant flow, 2)tight capillary jxns, 3)little anaerobic metabolism, 4)CSF pressure is 80% less than mean arterial perfusion pressure
🗑
|
||||
| effects of increased CO2 on CSF pH and then on cerebral flow | more CO2 → lower CSF pH → higher cerebral blood flow
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to cerebral blood flow as arterial pressure increases | increases at first and then flattens due to auto regulation by sympathetics
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to cerebral blood flow as cerebral spinal fluid pressure increases | remains constant until the CSF pressure shuts the arteries and CBF pressure drops
🗑
|
||||
| what is the cushing reflex | as the CSF pressure increases it hits a point where massive peripheral vasoconstriction occurs to ensure enough pressure in the spinal canal to keep CBF up
🗑
|
||||
| what disease causes high CSF pressure | spinal meningitis
🗑
|
||||
| splanchnic blood flow equation | infusion rate (mg/min)/[Conc.(artery)-Conc.(hepatic vein)]
🗑
|
||||
| portal system | unique splanchnic plumbing system where the liver receives the venous drainage from other intestinal organs
🗑
|
||||
| significance of hepatic vein | entire venous drainage of splanchnic (including liver) goes through the hepatic vein
🗑
|
||||
| dye used for modified ficke on splanchnic blood flow | indocyanine green
🗑
|
||||
| normal splanchnic flow during rest | 1000-1500 ml/min
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to splanchnic blood flow when arterial pressure rises? Why? | splanchnic pressure rises because the stretch receptors inhibit the VMC, so the resistance stays low, increasing splanchnic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| O2, CO2, and pH must move in which way to give positive feedback to the VMC | O2 decreases, CO2 increases, pH decreases
🗑
|
||||
| splanchnic blood flow decreases from what changes in BP, central blood volume, and VO2 max | decreased blood pressure, decreased central blood volume, increased exercies
🗑
|
||||
| venous occlusion plethysmography | way to measure skeletal muscle blood flow (crude); occlude veins but not arteries and see how fast volume increases
🗑
|
||||
| microsphere uptake | way to measure skeletal muscle blood flow; only works on animals because they have smaller capillaries; give animal radioactive microspheres and see how fast they build up in different locations
🗑
|
||||
| the amount of blood flowing to a certain muscle depends on what | activity, type of muscle (oxidative gets more), and number of mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| what kind of feedback to the VMC do active skeletal muscle fibers send | positive to enhance sympathetic activity
🗑
|
||||
| what muscle system is the only system to be innervated with hypothalamic sympathetic cholinergic neurons | skeletal muscle system
🗑
|
||||
| what creates a peaked T wave on an EKG | hyperkalemia
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
droid
Popular Physiology sets