Essentials of Medical Terminology - Ch. 14
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| structures of the respiratory system | nose & nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
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| external nares | nostrils (allow both inspiration & expiration of air)
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| inhalation (inspiration) | breathing in of air
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| exhalation (expiration) | breathing out of air
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| cilia | the hairs (in the nares filter out dust particles in the air)
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| nasal cavity | extends from the external nares to the pharynx
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| nasal septum | divide into the right and left cavities
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| paranasal sinuses | hollow spaces with in skull (lie above, between, & under the eyes...frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary sinus)
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| olfactory neurons (lining of the nasal tract) | nasal cavity warms & moistens air & provides us with sense of smell
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| pharynx | throat
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| pharynx consists | nasopharynx, the oropharynx, & the laryngopharynx
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| nasopharynx | posterior to the nasal cavity
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| nasopharynx contains | internal nares opening into the nasal cavity & openings into the eustachian tube
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| oropharynx contsins | tonsils
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| laryngopharynx | opens into the larynx & esophagus
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| larynx | voice box
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| adam's apple (portion of larynx) | large shield of cartilage protecting inner structures
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| epiglottis | is a flap that swings up & down o close off air passage during swallowing
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| vocal cords | responsible for sound (are mucous membrane containing a slit called the glottis
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| vibration of vocal cords | produces sound
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| trachea | windpipe (connecting to the bronchi)
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| trachea consists | of muscle & C-shape cartilage, lined with mucous membrane & cilia
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| in the lungs | 2 primary bronchi divide into secondary & tertiary bronchi, which connect to bronchioles
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| lungs | lie in the thoracic cavity
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| apex | top of lung
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| base | bottom of lung
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| blood vessels, nerves, bronchi, & lymph vessels form | the root & enter at the hilum
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| right lung | has superior, middle, & inferior lobes
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| left lung | has superior & inferior lobes
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| respiratory bronchioles connected | by alveolar ducts w/the alveoli (which are tiny balloons responsible for gas exchange w/ the pulmonary capillaries
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| pleural cavity | surrounds the lungs
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| mediastinal cavity | between the lungs
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| coni/o | dust
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| oligo- | scanty; few
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| adenoid/o | adenoids
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| -ectomy | excision
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| adenoidectomy | excision of the adenoids
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| alveol/o | alveolus; air sacs
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| -ar | pertaining to
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| alveolar | pertaining to the alveolous
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| alveolitis | inflammation of the alveolus
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| bronchi/o; bronch/o | bronchus
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| -ectasis | dilation; stretching
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| bronchiectasis | dilation of the bronchus
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| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchus
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| -or | person or thing that does something
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| dilat/o | dilation; widening
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| bronchodilator | drugs used to dilate the bronchus to relieve bronchospasm
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| -scopy | process of visual examination
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| bronchoscopy | process of visually examing the bronchus
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| -spasm | sudden, involuntary contraction
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| bronchospasm | sudden, involuntary contraction of the bronchus
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| -genic | produced by
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| carcinoma | malignant tumor
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| bronchogenic carcinoma | malignant tumor of the lung
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiloles; little bronchi
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| bronchiolitis | inflammation of the bronchioles
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| laryng/o | larynx; voice box
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| -eal | pertaining to
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| laryngeal | pertaining to the voice box
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| laryngospasm | sudden, involuntary contraction of the voice box
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| lob/o | lobe
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| -ar | pertaining to
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| lobar | pertaining to the lobe of the lung
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| -ectomy | excision; surgical removal
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| lobectomy | excision of a lobe of the lung
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| muc/o | mucus (sticky, thick secretion of mucous membrane)
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| -lytic | breakdown; destruction; separate
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| mucolytic | drugs used to break down thick mucus so it be coughed up
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| mucus | is the noun
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| mucous | is the adjective, as in mucous membrane
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| nas/o | nose
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| lacrim/o | lacrimal apparatus, tears
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| nasolacrimal | pertaining to the nose & lacrimal apparatus
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| pharyng/o | pharynx; throat
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| nasopharyngeal | pertainng to the nasopharynx (portion of the pharynx located behind the nose)
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| -eal | pertaining to
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| ox/o | oxygen
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| -ia | state of; condtion
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| a(n) | no; not; lack of
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| anoxia | lack of oxygen (interchangeably with hypoxia)
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| an- is used instead | a-before component parts beginning with a vowel
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| hypoxia | deficiency of oxygen
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| hypo- | deficient; abnormal decrease
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| pector/o | chest
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| pectoral | pertaining to the chest
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| pharyng/o | pharynx; throat
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| gloss/o | tongue
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| pharyngoglossal | pertaining to the pharynx & tongue
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| phren/o | diaphragm
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| -ic | pertaining to
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| phrenic | pertaining to the diaphragm
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| -tomy | process of cutting
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| phrenotomy | process of cutting into the diaphragm
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| pleur/a; pleur/o | pleura; pleural cavity
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| -algia | pain
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| pleuralgia | pain in the pleura
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| pneumat/o; pneum/o | air; respiration; lungs
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| pneumatic | pertaining to air or respiration
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| -osis | abnormal condition
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| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition of dust in the lungs; black lung
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| pneumopleuritis | inflammation of the lungs & pleura
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| pneumon/o; pulmon/o | lungs
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| pneumonia | inflammation of the lung (also known as pneumonitis)
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| -ia | condition; state of
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| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs
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| -ary | pertaining to
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| rhin/o | nose
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| -logist | specialist
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| otorhinolaryngologist | specialist in the study of the structure, function, diseases, & treatment of the ears, nose & throat
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| ot/o | ear
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| laryng/o | voice box; larynx
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| otorhinolaryngology | study of the ear, nose, & throat, including their structure, function, & diseases (ENT)
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| rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose
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| -rrhea | discharge
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| rhinorrhea | discharge from the nose
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| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose; plastic surgery on the nose for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes; nose job
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| sinus/o | sinuses
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| pan- | all
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| pansinusitis | inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses
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| sinusotomy | process of cutting into the sinsu
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| spir/o | breathing
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| -meter | instrument used to measure
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| spirometer | instrument used to measure airflow & volume into & out of the lungs
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| spirometry | process of measuring airflow & volume into & out of the lungs
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| steth/o | chest
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| stethoscope | instrument used to listen to chest scope
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| thorac/o | chest
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| -centesis | surgical puncture
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| thoracocentenis | surgical punture to remove fluid from the pleural cavity (also known as thoracentesis, pleurocentesis, & pleuracentesis)
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| -dynia | pain
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| thoracodynia | chest pain
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| -plasty | surgical reconstruction
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| thoracoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the thorax
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| thoracotomy | process of cutting into the chest
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| tonsill/o | tonsils
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| tonsillar | pertaining to the tonsils
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| tonsillectomy | excision of the tonsils
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| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils
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| tonsillotome | instrument used to cut the tonsils
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| trache/o | trachea; windpipe
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| endo- | within
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| endotracheal | pertaining to within the trachea
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| laryngotracheobronchitis | inflammation of the larynx, trachea, & bronchus; also known as croup
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| tracheoesophageal | pertaining to the trachea & esophagus
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| -stomy | new opening
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| tracheostomy | new opening into the trachea is created through the neck & a tube is inserted to assist breathing (may be temporary or permanent)
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| -capnia | carbon dioxide
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| hypercapnia | excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| hypocapnia | decreased amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| -graphy | process of recording; produce images
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| bronchography | process of producing an image of the bronchi following injection of contrast medium
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| angi/o | vessel
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| pulmonary angiography | process of producing an image of the blood vessels of the lung following injection of contrast medium
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| pulmon/o | lungs
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| -phonia | voice
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| a- | no; not; lack of
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| aphonia | loss of voice
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| dys- | difficult bad; painful
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| dysphonia | difficulty in speaking
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| -pnea | breathing
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| apnea | no breathing
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| bradypnea | slow breathing
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| dyspnea | painful breathing
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| eupnea | normal breathing
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| hyperpnea | abnormal increase in depth & rate of breathing
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| oligo- | scanty; few
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| oligopnea | infrequent breathing resulting in a reduction of air entering the lungs
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| ortho- | straight
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| orthopnea | breathing only in the upright position
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| tachypnea | fast breathing
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| -ptysis | spitting
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| hemoptysis | spitting up of blood
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| -thorax | chest
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| hemothorax | blood in the pleural cavity
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| hydr/o | water
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| hydrothorax | fluid in the pleural cavity
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| pneum/o | air
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| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural cavity
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| py/o | pus
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| pyothorax | pus in the pleural cavity
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| IRV | inspiratory reserve of volume (test of pulmonary function)
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