CHEMiSTRY SiX
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| what is a stable electron configuration with the s and p orbitals filled | octet
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| what is it called when an atom gains/loses/shares electrons to produce its own octet and become stable? | chemical bonding
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| chemical bonding typically produces a __________, which contains two or more different elements chemically bonded to one another | compound
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| the exception to chemical bonds producing compounds are what two groups? | diatomic elements and metals
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| name the three main forms of bonding and the smallest resulting particle from each type of bond | metallic--atoms, covalent(molecular)--molecules, ionic-- (+)/(-) ions
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| what types of elements are involved in: covalent bonding, metallic bonding, ionic bonding | nonmental/nonmetal; metal/metal; metal/nonmetal
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| what two types of bonding produce compounds? | covalent and ionic
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| _______ give electrons to ________, producing oppositely charged ions that are attracted to eachother in _______ bonding | metals, nonmetals, ionic
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| what gives the simplist ratio of +/- ions in a crystal lattice | formula unit
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| an orderly 3-D arrangement of + and - ions | crystal lattice
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| ionic compounds tend to be _________ _________ with _______ melting and boiling points | brittle solids, high
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| energy released when one mol of the ionic compound is formed | lattice energy
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| what type of bonding involves two or more nonmetals sharing electrons | covalent bonding
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| blending of orbitals of similar energies into orbitals of equal energy | hybridization
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| nonmetals always have what hybridization when forming ONLY sigma bonds | sp3
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| sp3 hybridization is arranged ____________ with all angles about 109.5 | tetrahedrally
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| a pi bond is attraction between unhybridized ____-orbitals | p
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| t/f VSEPR stands for VALENCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION | TRUE! :)
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| what says that electron pairs surrounding a central atom will separate from eachother by the maximim allowable distance in 3-D shape | VSEPR
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| VSEPR theory is used to predict WHAT?!?! | molecular geometry :) (shape)
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| what are the following thingies?! AB4, AB3, AB2, AB3E, AB2E2 | tetrahedral, triangular planar, linear, trigonal pyramid, bent
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| a triple bond consists of WhAt?! | one SiGMA and two Pi bonds
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| multiple bonds have _______ bond lengths and ________ bond energies | shorter, greater
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| ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond | electronegativity
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| nonmetals are (more/less) electronegative because they are trying to (gain/lose) electrons | more, gain
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| what element TRUMPS everybody in EN? | FLOURiNE!!! (F)
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| AfTeR FLOURiNE, who is the next EN GiANT! | OXYGEN!
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| name the 6 important elements in EN order from greatest to least | F, O, N, Cl, C, H
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| energy released in forming ionic attraction is what | lattice energy
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| WHICH has greater lattice energy, smaller or larger ions? | SMALLER
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| what is the energy required to break the covalent bond? | bond energy
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| WHATTTT exists between covalently bonded atoms with DIFFERENT ENs (aaalllmmmooosssttt always ;) | BOND POLARITY of course!
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| the less the difference in EN, the greater the bond polarity(t/f) | FALSEEEE
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| when is an bomded atom NONpolar?! | when: there is even sharing of electrons and even distribution of electrical charge
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| relatively weak forces of attraction between molecules | intermolecular forces of attraction
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| attraction between the positive pole of one molecule and the negative pole of another | dipole-dipole
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| the (more/less) polar the molecule, the greater the dipole-dipole attraction | more
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| What are the strongest intermolecular forces? | Hydrogen bonding
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| what is the most significant/extreme dipole-dipole attraction | hydrogen bonding
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| hydrogen bonding is the attraction between a H-atom (bound to F, O, Cl, or N) and a what? | nonbonding pair of electrons
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| name the two weaker forces of attraction | induced dipole and london dispersion forces
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| What force is between a polar and nonpolar molecule? | induced dipole
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| what are the only forces of attraction between nonpolar molecules or atoms of Noble Gases | london dispersion forces
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| when do london forces become significant? | at low temperatures or in Large (ORGANiC) moleules
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| London forces create an instantaneous dipole due to what? | random motion of electrons
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| What is a strong attraction between metal cations and a mutually shared 'sea of electrons' | METALLiC BONDiNG
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| t/f metals only have weak attractions for their valence electrons, so valence electrons tend to drift between atoms | TRUE
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| the mobile electron sea of metals accounts for what properties? | conductivity and malleability
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| put the following forces of atraction in order from strongest to weakest: polar molecules, oppositely charges ions, nonpolar molecules, metal atoms | metal atoms, oppositely charged ions. polar molecules, nonpolar molecules
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| what attractions between particles are almost always solid | metal atoms and ions
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| What are the three particles referred to with 'attractions between particles' | ATOMS, iONS, MOLECULES
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| what particles have HiGH melting/boiling points?!?! | metals, ions
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| what are the two WEAK forces that tend to be LiQUiDS/GASES? | polar and nonpolar molecules
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| WHiCH particles/forces have LOW MELTiNG/BOiLiNG POiNTS? | polar and nonpolar molecules
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