APES: Finding & Remving Nonrenewable Resources
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Mineral resources | concentration of naturally occurring solid, liquid, or gaseous material in or on the Earth's crust that can be extracted and processed into useful material at an affordable cost
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| Coal, oil, natural cases, energy resources, uranium, geothermal energy are____ _____ | Mineral Resources
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| Metallic mineral resources | iron, copper, aluminum
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| Nonrenewable | coal, uranium, oil
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| Renewable Resources | can be replenished within a human life span ie. sun's energy, water, and oxygen
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| Nonmetallic mineral resource examples? | Salt, gypsum, clay, sand, phosphate, water, and soil
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| Ore | metal yielding material that can be economically extracted at a given time
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| Undiscovered reources | potential supplies of a mineral resources that are assumed to exist on the basis of geologic knowledge and theory
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| Reserves | identified resources thta can be extracted economicaly at currnet prices with current technology
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| Other Resources | identified & undiscovered resources not classified as reserves
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| How to find minerals to mine for | plate tectonics, mineral formations, aerial photos, satellite images, etc
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| Subsurface mining | removes deep deposits
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| Surface Mining | removes shallow deposits
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| In surface mining, ___ is stripped away as unwanted and piled into ______ | overburden, spoils
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| Open-pit Mining | Machines dig open-pits, create windy path, and mine; used for copper, iron, sand, gravel, and building stone
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| Dredging | Draglines scrape up underwater deposits
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| Area-Strip Mining | Mining in strips
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| Contour Strip Mining | Terraces are cut, Earthmover mines a terrace at a time and dumps overburden on already mined terrace creating spoil banks
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| Mountaintop Removal | Used to extract coal, mountaintop is blown off and spoils go between mountains
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| Heap Leach Extraction Steps | 1)Gold is put into pile/HEAP 2)They let acidified cyanide drip/LEACH thru pile, 3)Solution dissolves gold, 4)Gold is retrieved thru electrolysis
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| S vs. SS Mining: More destructive | Surface
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| S vs. SS Mining: More dangerous | Subsurface
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| S vs. SS Mining: alot's left in the ground | Subsurface
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| Longwall Mining | miners dig deep vertical shaft, blast subsurface tunnels and chambers to get to the deposits, MOST COMMONLY USED
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| Pros/Cons of Longwall Mining | P: less disruptive, less wate Con: lung diseases from inhalation, dangerous, expensive
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| Room-and-pillar Method | pillars prevent mining from collapsing, they're knocked down in the end
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| Long-Wall Method | Narrow tunnel is dug and then supported by movable pillars, pillars are removed when mining's done, earth collapses
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| Mining Environmental Impacts | Disturbed land/habitat, accidents, health hazards, mine waste dumping, oil spills, blowouts, noise, ugliness, heat, pollutes watersheds
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| Gangue | waste mineral materials
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| Benefication | separation in a mill of ore from gangue to produces tailings
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| tailing | ugly piles of material from which toxic materials can be blown, leached, contaminate surface and groundwater
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| Impacts of Processing | Solid wstes, radioactive material is dug up, air, water, soil pollition, noise, safety, health hazzards
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| Smelting produces air pollutants like ______. | sulfur dioxide, soot, tiny particles of arsenic, cadmium, lead, etc. all are toxic
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| Mining machinery uses fossil fuels, which emits ____, causing ___ ____ because its a greenhouse gas | Co2, global warming
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| Use of Mined Minerals (transportation, use, discarding) | heat, safety & health hazards, solid & radioactive waste, thermal water pollution, noise, ugliness
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| US 1872 Mining Law is what? | Mining companies can purchase public lands at the 1872 price, mind, and pay NO rent/royalties to extract except natural gas & oil
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| How should we change the 1972 Mining Law? | Set strict standards to prevent/control pollution, environmental degradation, require companies to pay to fix the lands, require mining companies to pay 12.5% royalty on all minerals removed
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| SMCRA 1977 stands for what? | Service Mining Control & Reclamation Act
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| What does SMCRA do? | "If you mine and destroy an are, you have to fix it"
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