vocabulary words
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| pax romana | period of roman peace from 27 b.c.e to 180 c.e from the beginning of Augustus's reign until the death of Marcus Aurelius.. literally means "the roman peace"
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| republic | form of govermnent in which voters elect their leaders
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| crucifixion | roman method of execution in which the accused was placed on a cross and left to die a slow death from suffocation
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| equites | class of roman business people who had wealth but little political power
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| consuls | chief executives in early rome who ran the goverment and served as army commanders
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| veto | to refuse to approve a measure
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| checks and balances | system that prevented any one part of a goverment from becoming too powerful
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| latifundia | large roman estates, found in the provinces; often produced grain for rome
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| indemnity | money for war damages
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| praetor | military commander and judge in ancient rome
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| censor | person registered citizens according to their wealth to determine how much they should pay in taxes
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| paterfamilias | father of the family had absolute authority
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| tribune | roman official elected by the assembly of tribes
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| dictator | leader with absolute power
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| legion | most important military unit in the roman army
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| patricians | citizens in control of roman goverment
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| plebians | citizens in rome not of the aristocratic class
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| anarchy | absence of any goverment at all
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| aqueducts | bridgelike structures that carried water from an area with water to the city
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| colonsus | roman tenant farmer who replaced slaves on large estates
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| collegia | workers trade associations in ancient rome
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| rabbis | jewish scholars learned in scriptures and in commentaries on religious law
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| inflation | increase in prices
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| martyrs | persons put to death becaused they refused to renounce certain beliefs
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| patriarchs | bishops for administrative centers for the church in the last yrs of the roman empire
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| pope | father of catholic churches
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| julius caesar | helps the roman empire to get stronger
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| constatine |
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| hannibal | fights with africanus
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| marc antony | marries cleopatra, later comits suicide
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| cleopatra | marries marc antony
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| spartacus | famous slave that rebelled
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| sulla |
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| scripio africanus | fights with hannibal
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