Terms & Definitions
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| integumentary system | skin & accessory organs
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| hair, nails & glands are the skin | accessory organs
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| integument means | covering
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| sweat glands | glands under the skin that produce sweat
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| sebum | oily secretion made by sebaceous glands
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| sweat | watery secretion that carries heat out of the skin
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| first function of the skin is | protection
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| second function of the skin is to | produce important secretions
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| third function of the skin is | sensation receptors for pain, pressure, temp & touch
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| fourth function of the skin is | thermoregulation
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| thermoregulation | maintaining body temp
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| nerve fibers coordinate thermoregulation by | carrying messages to skin from heat centers in brain sensitive to changes in body temp
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| blood vessels in skin dilate in order to | bring blood to the surface to reduce body heat
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| epidermis | outermost, thin, totally cellular layer of stratified squamous epithelium; contain keratin
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| dermis | dense, fibrous, connective tissue layer; contains collagen; middle layer of skin
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| squamous epithelium | flat, scale-like cells composing epidermis
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| albino | person with skin deficient in melanin
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| apocrine sweat gland | one of largest dermal exocrine glands located in axilla & genital areas
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| secertes sweat that acts with bacteria causing | body odor
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| basal layer | deepest region of epidermis, giving rise to all epidermial cells
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| collagen | structural protein found in skin & connective tissue
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| cuticle | band of epidermis at base & sides of nail plate
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| eccrine sweat gland | most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in body
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| epithelium | layer of skin cells forming outer & inner surface of body
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| hair follicle | sac within which each hair grows
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| keratin | hard protein material found in epidermis, hair & nails
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| means horny, & commonly found in horns of animals | keratin
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| lipocyte | a fat cell
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| luluna | half-moon=shaped, whitish area at base of nail
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| melanin | major skin pigment; formed by melanocytes in epidermis
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| paronychium | soft tissue surrounding nail border
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| pore | tiny opening on surface of skin
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| sebaceous gland | oil-secreting gland in dermis associated with hair follicles
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| stratified | arranged in layers
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| stratum | layer of cells
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| plural for stratum | strata
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| stratum corneum | outermost layer of epidermis, consisting of flattened, keratinized cells
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| subcutaneous layer | innermost layer of skin; contains fat tissue
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| skin is a | multilayered organ
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| avascular layer of the skin is | the epidermis
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| spongy, porous layer of the skin with a rich blood supply & wealth of fat producing cells | subcutaneous
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| stratum corneum or squamous epithelium | most superficial layer
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| epidermis cells are continually being shed and replaced by new cells generated at the deepest level of the epidermis | the basal layer or stratum germinativum
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| when new cells migrate towards the stratum corneum they | shrink, flatten & die
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| when stratum corneum cells shrink, flatten & die their cytoplasma is | replaced by keratin
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| keratin cells are eventually | sloughed off of the skin's surface
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| the barrier area of the skin | stratum corneum; prevents excessive loss of water, salts, and heat from the body
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| the membrane of cells at the skin's surface becomes thick and chemically resistant during what process | keratinization
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| melanocytes | special cells distributed throughout basal layer of epidermis; contain melanin
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| melanin | black pigment
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| the amount of melanin in the skin determines | skin color
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| melanin fiters | ultraviolet light
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| dermis is also known as | corium
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| accounts for most of the skin's mass | corium
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| papillary layer | one of two layers of dermis; superficial layer of the dermis raised into papillae that fit into corresponding depressions on the inner surface of the epidermis
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| contains ridges which form fingerprints & foot prints | papillary layer
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| reticular layer | deeper layer of the dermis formed of a dense network of fibrous tissue
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| along with collagen, elastic fingers are found within | the reticular layer
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| most of the fibers of the dermis are made up of | collagen
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| collagen | protein that gives skin its strength
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| collagen & elestic fibers give skin the ability to | be flexible; stretch & rebound
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| this allows us to sense pain, pressure, touch, and temperature | receptor endings of nerves within the dermis
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| dermis also contains | blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, muscle fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous & sweat glands
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| in the dermis this plays a critical role in the regulation of body temperature | blood vessels
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| subcutaneous tissue anchors dermis & epidermis | to underlying muscle & bones
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| nerves & blood vessels that supply the skin run through | the subcutaneous layer
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| subcutaneous layer | composed of loose connective tissue filled with lipocytes
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| production & storage of fat in subcutaneous layer creates | a cushion for skin, as well as insulation against excessive heat loss
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| the hair is | an outgrowth from skin of flexible, keratinized fibers
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| hairs covers the surface of the body except | on hands, soles of feet, & external reproductive organs
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| hair is formed at | the junction of dermis & epidermis
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| the function of hair is to | provide protection to delicate body structures
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| each hair consists of | a root & hair follicle
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| hair is formed from cells at the | base of follicale that push upward
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| hair shaft | visible portion of hair; network of horny cells
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| hair color is determined by | melanocytes at the root of hair follicle
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| texture & color of nails can | give clues to patient's health
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| nails | hard flat plates of keratin covering fingers & toes, protecting from injury
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| visble portion of the nail is called | nail body
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| the pink color of the nail body is from | highly vascular nail bed underneath
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| nail root is found at | cuticle
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| cuticle | fold of skin at the base of each nail
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| lunula | mark site of nail growth
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| soft tissue that surrounds the nail border is called | paronychium
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| sebum is able to help protect against infections because it is | acidic
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| sebaceous glands of the skin are most numerous on | the scalp, face, back & upper chest
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| sebaceous glands are found in | the dermal layer of the skin
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| there are two types of sweat glands | eccrine & apocrine
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| eccrine glands | tiny, coiled structures located in dermis
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| ducts open directly onto the surface of skin as pores | eccrine glands
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| apocrine glands | larger excretory organs deeply embedded in dermal layer
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| located under arms & near genitals | apocrine glands
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| persperation | watery secretion produced by sweat glands to help regulate body temp
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| pores | ducts of sweat glands emerging on skin's surface
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| keratinzed cells | horny cells
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| poison ivy is | a contact dermatitis
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