15 terms from differentiated activities
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| fossil | trace or remains of a plant or an animal in sedimentary rock
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| relative age | age of an object compared with the ages of other objects
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| absolute age | actual age of an object. the exact age of a fossil or rock layer
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| evolution theory | change of living things over time
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| extinction | the condition of an entire species becoming extinguished or dead
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| uniformitarianism | theory that geologic processes at work in the present were also at work in the past
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| gastrolith | fossilized stone found within the digestive system of a dinosaur or other reptile
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| coprolite | fossilized waste material from an animal
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| era | largest unit of geologic time. The Geologic Column is broken down into 4 of these.
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| law of superposition | principle that a sedimentary rock layer is older than the layers above it (when a volcano cuts through the rock layers, it is now the youngest layer)
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| law of crosscutting relationships | principle that a fault or intrusion is always younger than the rock layers it cuts through
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| half-life | time required for half the mass of a radioactive element to decay into its daughter elements
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| correlation | naming two layers of rock as a match, therefore saying that they were laid down at the same time
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| radioactive decay | the radioactive process in which a nucleus undergoes spontaneous transformation into one or more different nuclei and simultaneously emits radiation, loses electrons, or undergoes fission.
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| geologic column | The chart of Earth's History that organizes the eras, period, and epochs.
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| trace fossil | You know that something has been there, but there are no "remains." The best example of this is a dinosaur footprint.
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| petrification | Fossils formed when the actual cells are replaced with minerals. The best example of this is petrified wood.
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| amber | Sticky sap that traps insects and then hardens into rock
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| disconformity | An ocean layer (with fish & marine skeletons) that has been uplifted above the water level.
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| mummification | Preservation of fossils by drying, wrapping, bottling the organs, etc.
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| varve | Layers in the bottom of a lake that tell the story of the climate over the years. (like a core sample)
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| period | an era is broken down into a
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| Cenozoic | the most recent era
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| Precambrian | the oldest era, formation of the Earth
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| epoch | a period is broken down into an
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| vertebrate | animals with a true backbone
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| gastrolith | stones in the digestive tract that help grind the food down
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| angular unconformity | layers of rock that are set at an angle
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| index fossil | a fossil that points to the age of an unknown fossil
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