Occlusive CV Disorders
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| What is ateriosclerosis? | condition that affects arteries that my lead to occlusive cardiovascular disease
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| What is atherosclerosis? | formation of plaque within the arterial wall
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| What does atherosclerosis affect? | the inner lining of the artery
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| What is the first step to developing atherosclerosis? | injury to the endothelial cells that line the walls of the arteries
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| What is plaque? | build up of fatty deposits
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| What is stenosis? | narrowing
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| What happens to the distal extremity with an occlusion? | it becomes ischemic
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| What is hyperlipidemia | increase in blood lipids
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| what is LDL? | low density lipoproteins that increase risk for CAD
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| what is HDL? | high density lipoproteins and are protective against CAD
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| How does smoking affect cardiac status> | vasoconstricts,causes progressive damage to blood vessels
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| What does exercise do to HDL | raises it
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| How does exercise affect circulation that has an occlusion? | it helps develop collateral circulation
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| What is an MI | myocardial infarct
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| what is an atheroma? | another name for plaque
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| What is the pain in CAD associated with? | lack of oxygen to the myocardium
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| What is angina pectoris? | Chest pain
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| What is the goal for patients with CAD? | prevention
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| What is the purpose of PTCA? | a balloon catheter is inflated and compresses the plaque against the wall of the artery
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| What is an atherectomy? | plaque is removed via rotating blade
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| What med is given prior to an atherectomy? | ca channel blockers
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| What is the purpose of a stent with CAD? | to keep blood flowing throught the artery
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| What is ticlid | an anti-platelet
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| what is a CAGB? | coronary artery bypass graft
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| what is the name for a group of syndromes that are caused by lack of oxygen tot he heart muscle? | acute coronary sydromes
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| What is angina pectoris a symptom of ? | ischemia
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| When the heart needs more oxygen what do the coronary arteries normally do? | dilate
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| With CAD what is prevented with the body's demand for oxygen? | dilation
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| What is the difference between stable and prinzmetal's angina? | stable-pain subsides when activity is stopped and prinzmetal's rest does not decrease pain
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| What do CA channel blockers do? | relax vascular smooth muslce leading to decreased PVR
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| What do beta blockers do? | block the efffects of epinephrine and norepinephrine and prevent anginal attacks
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| Name two cardioselective drugs that are beta blockers? | Metoprolol and atenolol
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| What drugs should respiratory patients avoid with regards to cardiac meds? | nonselective beta adrenergics
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| What surrounds an area of necrosis on the heart with an MI? | an area of ischemia
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| If there is an MI due to occlusion to Right coronary artery where is the MI location? | inferior wall
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| If there is an occlusion of the Circumflex artery where will the MI be? | posterior wall
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| if there is an occlusion in the Left anterior artery where would the MI be? | anterior wall
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| What is the classic symptom of an MI | chest pain
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| What analgesic should be used for an MI | morphine sulfate
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| how soon after an MI can a thrombolytic be used? | 1-6 hours
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| What is a dissecting aneurysm? | a tear in the inner layer causing a cavity to form between the layers of the artery and it fills with blood
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| What aneurysm involves the entire cirucumference? | fusiform
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| What is Raynaud's? | vasoconstrictive response causing ischemia from exposure to cold and stress
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| who does Raynaud's commonly effect? | women in cold climates
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| where can Raynaud's occur? | hands, feet ears or nose
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| what is Buergers disease? | recurring inflammation fo small and medium arteries and veins of the LE
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| Define varicose veins | elongated tortuous dilated veins
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| What causes venous stasis | dysfunctional valves in the venous system preventing venous return
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| what color are the legs and feet with venous insufficiency? | brown leathery
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| what position are the legs with PVD best in? | elevated
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| What is the purpose of the lymph system? | returns fluid from oether tissues in the body to the bloodstream
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| What causes lymphangitis | inflammation secondary to infection by either strep or staph
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