Valvular Disorders
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| How many valves are in the heart? | 4
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| What are the names of the valves in the heart? | tricuspid, mitral, aortic, pulmonary
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| What are the connecting structures for the mitral valve and tricuspid valves? | chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
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| blood backing up is referred to as? | regurgitation
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| What are some of the causes of valvular defects? | congential defect, rheumatic fever, infection
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| What is recommended for those that have had rheumatic fever? | prophylactic ABT
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| what happens with the flaps of the valve in MVP? | they bulge backward into the atrium
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| What causes MVP? | one flap is too large or defect in chordae tendinae
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| True or false MVP tends to be hereditary? | True
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| What is auscultated with MVP? | murmur
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| What kind of treatment for MVP is necessary? | none if patient asymptomatic
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| What are the Dx tests for MVP? | ECG,CXR,Echo,Cardiac Cath
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| What are the complications from MVP? | dilation of the left side of the heart, heart failure, bacterial endocarditis, and emboli
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| What is Mitral Stenosis? | narrowing of the valve opening
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| The narrowed opening in Mitral Stenosis obstructs blood flow where? | from the L atrium into the L ventricle
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| What is the major cause of Mitral Stenosis? | rheumatic fever
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| What is the s/sx of Mitral Stenosis? | none , then mild to more severe symptoms develop over time
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| What symptoms are commonly seen with Mitral Stenosis? | pulmonary : dyspnea, cough and hemoptysis
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| What are the Dx tests for Mitral Stenosis? | ECG, CXR, Echo, Cardiac Cath with angiography
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| What is a valvuloplasty? | balloon that dilates the stenosed heart valve,
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| What is a commisurotomy | valve flaps that are fused are separated to enlarge the opening
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| What is an annuloplasty? | repair or reconstruction of the valve flaps
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| What causes Mitral Valve Regurgitation? | incomplete closure of the mitral valve
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| What is the major cause of mitral regurgitation? | rheumatic heart disease
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| What are the symptoms of MR? | similar to Mitral stenosis
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| What are the Dx tests for MR? | ECG, CXR, Echo, cardiac catheterization
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| What is aortic stenosis? | blood flow from L vent. into the aorta is obstructed through the stenosed aortic valve
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| What is the major cause of aortic stenosis? | congenital defects or rheumatic heart disease
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| What is the primary symptom with aortic stenosis? | angina pectoris
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| What are other signs and symptoms of aortic stenosis? | murmur, syncope, heart failure s/sx, orthopnea, dyspnea, fatigue
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| What are the dx tests for aortic stenosis? | ECG, CXR, Echo, cardiac cath
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| What is the treatment of choice for aortic stenosis? | valve replacement
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| What is aortic regurgitation? | backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle
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| What causes aortic regurgitation? | rheumatic heart disease, congenital defects, syphillis, endocarditis, HTN and RA
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| What are the first signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation? | exertional dyspnea, fatigue
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| What are the dx tests for aortic regurgitation? | ECG, CXR, echo, cardiac catheterization
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| What is the medical treatment for aortic regurgitation? | vasodilators, ABT (prophylactically), surgical valve replacement
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| what is nursing care aimed at with valvular disorders? | relieving pain, maintaining normal cardiac function, improving activity tolerance
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