Inflammatory/Infectious CV Disorders
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| What is a serious complication of rheumatic fever? | rheumatic carditis
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| What condition occurs as an autoimmune reaction to an upper respiratory (throat) Group A beta-hemolytic strep infection? | rheumatic fever
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| How long after rheumatic infection does the fever occur? | 2-3 weeks
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| At what age does rheumatic fever normally occur? | ages 5-15 years
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| How many layers of the heart are involved with rheumatic fever? | ALL
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| What happens to the pericardial layers of the heart with rheumatic fever? | it becomes covered in exudate and thickens
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| How is the pericardial sac damaged with rheumatic fever? | by fibrosis
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| What are aschoff's bodies? | Nodules that form in myocardial tissue that become scar tissue over time
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| What heart valve experiences the most difficulties due to wear and tear? | mitral valve
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| What are the signs and symptoms of rheumatic carditis? | tachycardia, heart murmur,pericardial friction rub,chest pain, heart enlargement,ecg changes and evidence of heart failure
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| What is taught with regards to rheumatic carditis as a preventative measure that is VERY important? | prophylactic ABT before dental and invasive procedures
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| What is Infective endocarditis? | infection of the endocardium
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| How does IE begin? | with erosion on the endocardium, bacteria attaches and platelets and fibrin follow forming a vegetative lesion
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| What happens if a vegetative lesion in IE breaks off what does it create? | an emboli
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| What cardiac structures are prone to bacterial invasion? | damaged valves,valve replacement,MV prolapse
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| If there is aortic valve damage what may occur? | heart failure
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| What are the portals of entry for infection in Infective endocarditis (IE)? | IV drug use (sticks),surgery, dentition that is poor,invasive procedures, infections of the skin, GI and GU tract
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| What are the 2 risk factors with Infective endocarditis (IE)? | gingival gum disease and congenital or valvular heart disease
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| What is the most important preventative measure with infective endocarditis (IE)? | oral care
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| What are petechiae? | microembolization of the vegetation that may occur in the mucous membranes,skin, conjuctiva
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| What are Osler's nodes? | painful nodes on fingers and toes from cardiac emboli
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| What objective respiratory data would you expect with infective endocarditis? | crackles and tachypnea
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| What subjective cardiovascular data would you expect with infective endocarditis? | murmurs, tachycardia,dysrhythmias,edema,headache
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| What integumentary subjective data would you expect with infective endocarditis ? | nailbed splinter hemmorhage,petechiae on lips mouth, conjuctiva,feet and antecubital area
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| What renal subjective data would you expect with infective endocarditis? | hematuria
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| What would the WBC result be with infective endocarditis? | elevated
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| What would the ESR be with IE? | elevated
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| what would the CXR show with IE? | cardiomegaly
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| What is pericarditis? | inflammation of the pericardium
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| What causes pericarditis? lengthy | infections,drug reactions,connective tissue disorders (SLE,RA,rheumatic fever),neoplastic disease,postpericardiotomy,post MI,renal disease, uremia,trauma from chest injury
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| What is the common symptom of pericarditis? | chest pain
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| where is the chest pain located in pericarditits? | substernally, an over the heart may readiate to the clavicle neck left scapula or epigastric area
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| What is the classic sign of pericarditis? | pericardial friction rub
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| why does dyspnea occur with pericarditis? | as a result of decreased cardiac output and reduced oxygenation
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| What will the ECG reveal with pericarditis? | ST-T wave elevation in all leads
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| What is the procedure called that obtains fluid from around the heart? | pericardiocentesis
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| What is the purpose of a pericardial window? | to allow continuous drainage for a chronic constrictive pericarditis
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| What is cardiac tamponade? | fluid accumulation what compresses the heart
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| What is myocarditis? | inflammation of the myocardium
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| What are the causes of myocarditis? | virus,bacteria,parasites,fungi,rickettsiae,spirochetes,meds,lead toxicity, HIV, rheumatic fever,SLE,pericarditis or IE cardiac transplant rejection
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| Can myocarditis result in death? | yes
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| What is cardiomyopathy? | enlargement of the heart muscle
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| What is dilated cardiomyopathy? | size of ventricular cavity enlarges
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| What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | enlargement of the muscle walls of the left ventricle walls are rigid
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| What is restrictive cardiomyopathy? | impairs ventricle stretch and limits ventricular filling
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| What is the medical treatment for cardiomyopathy mainly? | palliative
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| What is thrombophlebitis? | formation of a clot and inflammation of the vein
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| what is a DVT? | thrombosis in a deep vein
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| What is a thrombosis made up of? | platelets, red blood cells white blood cells and fibrin
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| what are the 3 factors to thrombus formation? | stasis of blood flow, damage to the lining of the wall, and increased blood coagulation
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| What is the primary cause of thrombophlebitis in the arm? | IVs
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| Why is a vena cava filter placed in the inferior vena cava? | to prevent emboli from reaching the lungs
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