Lab Tests & Clinical Procedures
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| CD4+ | measures number of CD4+ T cells in blood stream of patients with AIDS
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| a normal CD4+ count is between | 500 & 1500 CD4+ cells/mm3
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| starting treatment with anti-HIV drugs is recomended is a CD4+ count falls below | 250 to 200 CD4+ cells/mm3
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| ELISA | screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in bloodstream
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| within 2 weeks of infection with HIV | anitbodies begin to appear
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| if the result of ELISA is positive, it is confirmed with | a Western blot test, which is more specific
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| Western blot test | specific test to detect presence of anti-HIV anitbodies in bloodstream
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| immunoelectrophoresis | test that separates immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD
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| procedure detects presence of abnormal levels of antibodies in patients with conditions such as multiple myeloma, & Waldenstrom macroglobilunemia | immunoelectrophoresis
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| viral load tests | tests that measure amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in bloodstream
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| PCR assay & NASBA test | viral load tests
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| CT scan | xray imaging in transverse plane produces cross-sectional views of anatomic structures
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| shows abnormalities of lymphoid organs, such as spleen, lymph nodes & thymus gland | CT scan
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