Digestive System
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on it to display the answer.
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| or/o | mouth
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| stomat/o | mouth
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| gloss/o | tongue
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| lingu/o | tongue
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| bucc/o | cheek
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| cheil/o | lip
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| labi/o | lip
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| dent/o | teeth
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| odont/o | teeth
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| gingiv/o | gum(s)
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| sial/o | saliva, salivary gland
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| pharyng/o | pharynx (throat)
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| pylor/o | pylorus
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| duoden/o | duodenum (first part of small intestine)
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| enter/o | intestine (usually small intestine)
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| jejun/o | jejunum (second part of small intestine)
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| ile/o | ileum (third part of small intestine)
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| append/o | appendix
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| appendic/o | appendix
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| col/o; colon/o | colon
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon
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| rect/o | rectum
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| proct/o | anus, rectum
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| an/o | anus
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| hepat/o | liver
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| cholangi/o | bile vessel
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| -emesis | vomiting
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| -iasis | abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -orexia | appetite
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| -pepsia | digestion
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| -phagia | swallowing, eating
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| -prandial | meal
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| -rrhea | discharge, flow
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| dia- | through, across
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| peri- | around
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| sub- | under, below
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| Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat | anorexia
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| Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen | ascites
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| Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer | cachexiz
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| Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct | cholelithiasis
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| Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain | colic
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| Chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis | Crohn disease
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| Act of swallowing | deglutition
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| Epegastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion | dyspepsia
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| choledoch/o | bile duct
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| Inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia | dysphagia
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| Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the interior portion of the esophagus | gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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| Offensive, or "bad," breath | halitosis
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| Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus | hematemesis
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| Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices | melena
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| Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight | obesity
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| Body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight | morbid obesity
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| Severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction | obstipation
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| Progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body; especially the GI tract | peristalsis
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| Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach | regurgitation
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| Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope | endoscopy
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| Endoscopy of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy) | upper GI
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| Endoscopy of the colon (colonoscopy), sigmoid colon (sigmoidoscopy) and rectum and anal canal (proctoscopy) | lower GI
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| Applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult (trade name of a modified guaiac test) | stool guaiac
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| Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum; also called lower GI series | barium enema (BE)
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| Endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts, and tumors | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
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| Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis | biopsy (bx)
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| Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another | anastomosis
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| Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments iether surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves | lithotripsy
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| Use of shockwaves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts | extracorporeal shockwave
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| Excision of a polyp | polypectomy
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| Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach | antacids
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| Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract | antidiarrheals
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| Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain | antiemetics
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| Decrease gastrointestinal (GI) spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract | antispasmodics
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| Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation | laxatives
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| alk phos | alkaline phosphatase
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| Ba | barium
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| BaE, BE | barium enema
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| BM | bowel movement
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| BMI | body mass index
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| CF | cystic fibrosis
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| CT | computed tomography
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| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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| GB | gallbladder
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| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| GI | gastrointestinal
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| HAV | hepatitis A virus
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| HBV | hepatitis B virus
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| HCV | hepatitis C virus
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| HDV | hepatitis D virus
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| HEV | hepatitis E virus
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| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome
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| LFT | liver function test
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| NG | neogastric
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| stat, STAT | immediately
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| PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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| R/O | rule out
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| a.c. | before meals
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| b.i.d. | twice a day
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| hs | half strength
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| h.s. | at bedtime
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| NPO, n.p.o. | nothing by mouth
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| pc, p.c. | after meals
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| p.o. | by mouth
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| p.r.n. | as required
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| qAM | every morning
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| q.d. | every day
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| q.h. | every hour
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| q.2h. | every two hours
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| q.i.d. | four times a day
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| q.o.d. | every other day
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| qOM | every evening
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| t.i.d. | three times a day
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| chol/e | bile, gall
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